19. Post-World War II Standard: Demonstrate an understanding of the global social, economic, and political impact of the Cold War and decolonization from 1945 to Essential Question: What were the global social, economic, and political impact of the Cold War and decolonization?

Formation of Israel Element: Describe the formation of the state of Israel and the importance of geography in its development. Vocabulary: Israel

Activator Who knows “Father” Abraham’s role in history? What significant event took place in Jewish history from ? Why did it happen?

Israel Becomes a State Jews had been without a nation since 138 A.D. The U.N. voted to give Jews their own country Israel in 1948.

Earning Existence Palestinians rejected the idea that Israel had the right to exist. 6 different Arab nations invaded Israel immediately, but Israel prevailed.

Let’s Summarize… What event changed the political landscape of the Middle East in 1948? What group of people possessed this land before 1948? What is the name of the city that Jews, Christians, and Muslims all consider holy?

Jews Over Arabs 1967 – Six Day War Arab countries attacked Israel again Jews won getting control of West Bank and Jerusalem many Palestinians forced under Israel’s rule

Palestinian Liberation Organization PLO formed in 1964 a terrorist organization that pushes for a Palestinian state negotiate/use terrorism to get results led by Yasser Arafat for 30 years

Let’s Summarize… In what war did Israel win control of the West Bank and Jerusalem? What is the PLO’s goal? What tactics do they use in an effort to achieve that goal?

Why Can’t We Be Friends? despite many attempts, a peace agreement has never lasted between Israel and Palestine hatred and a desire to posses the regions of Palestine goes back thousands of years

Impact on U.S. today United States supports Israel’s right to exist and defend themselves as a result terrorist groups such as Al Qaeda have declared war on us to remove “Western influence” in the Middle East

Let’s Summarize… Why do some terrorists target the U.S.? What are the Jews and Arabs fighting over? How long have they disliked each other?

Chinese Freedom Movement Element: Analyze efforts in the pursuit of freedom; include anti-apartheid, Tiananmen Square, and the fall of the Berlin Wall. Vocabulary: Tiananmen Square

Activator What is Communism? What is the difference between Communism in theory and Communism in practice? Political power grows from the barrel of a gun. – Mao Zedong

Chinese Civil War Jiang Jieshi Nationalist Party leader. U.S. support Weak support due to bad economy. Defeated in 1949, supporters est. Taiwan Mao Zedong Communist Party leader USSR support Strong support b/c he promised land reform. Gained control of China in 1949.

Mao Zedong’s Changes Private companies were put under government control, and five year plans increased output. Redistributed land to peasants.

Let’s Summarize… Why did many peasants support Mao Zedong? What country supported Jiang Jieshi’s Nationalist forces? What changes did Mao bring to farms and private companies?

The Great Leap Forward? Great Leap Forward (1958) called for communes- gigantic collective farms Peasants did not work hard Program was cut after a famine killed 20 million

The Red Guards militia units formed from thousands of students Cultural Revolution – Intellectual and artistic activities banned – shut down schools – executed thousands

Let’s Summarize… Why was the Great Leap Forward a failure? Who led the Cultural Revolution? Why did Mao and the army turn on the Red Guards and stop the Cultural Revolution?

Origins of Tiananmen Square Mao died in 1976 leaders began modernizing the economy Western ideas about political freedom inspired students to form a hunger strike in 1989

Massacre at Tiananmen Square Martial Law declared 100,000 troops surrounded Beijing Tanks and soldiers broke up protest Thousands killed/wounded

Let’s Summarize… What were the protesters upset about in Tiananmen Square? What is martial law? Were the protesters successful in their attempt to gain more political freedom?

The Cold War Element: Explain the arms race; include development of the hydrogen bomb (1954) and SALT (Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty, 1972). Vocabulary: hydrogen bomb, SALT

Activator Who was America’s greatest enemy following WWII? Why?

What was the Cold War? Description: Struggle over political differences carried out by means other than direct war U.S vs. USSR used spying, propaganda, diplomacy, secret operations, and indirect warfare

Examples of the Struggle Korean War: Soviet backed North Korea invade South Korea U.S. will push North Korea back to original border at 38 th parallel and sign armistice

Vietnam War U.S. will first serve as advisors after attack on U.S. ships in the Gulf of Tonkin troops will be sent in to Vietnam Peace Treaty signed with North Vietnam in 1973 South Vietnam falls to Communist North after U.S. withdrawal

1950s Cuba

The Cuban Missile Crisis Fidel Castro est. Communism in Cuba in 1959 Soviets built 42 missile sites in 1962 JFK ordered their removal and blockaded Cuba. Missiles were removed from Turkey/Cuba. Trade embargo still stands.

The Berlin Wall Built in 1961 to separate East Germany from West Germany. Symbolized a world divided into two rival camps. Failed escapees were shot.

Let’s Summarize… Who was the Communist dictator in Cuba during the 1960’s? What originally caused the disagreement over Cuba? Who was president of the U.S. during the Cuban Missile Crisis?

The Space Race In 1957, the Soviets launched Sputnik-the world’s first satellite. U.S. spent more on science and math (NASA) July of 1969, U.S./Neil Armstrong landed on the moon U.S. used spy planes to spy on the Soviets (U-2 Incident, 1960)

Social Effects Soviets and Americans carried a mutual hatred and distrust of each other Competed in all aspects of life

Let’s Summarize List the name of the world’s first satellite. Explain the U-2 Incident.

Dr. Suess’s “Better Butter Battle”

Nuclear Arms Race 1949 Soviets explode an A-bomb 1952 U.S. developed the Hydrogen bomb 1953 Soviets made H- bomb 1972 Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT) limited the number of missiles a country could have

Let’s Summarize… What two countries fought in the Cold War? What did SALT limit? When did the Soviet Union and the U.S. officially declare war on each other?

Soviet Leaders Element: Compare and contrast the reforms of Khrushchev and Gorbachev. Vocabulary: Khrushchev, Gorbachev

Nikita Khrushchev takes leadership after the death of Stalin

Khrushchev policy of destalinization- purging the Soviet Union of Stalin’s memory called for “peaceful competition” with capitalist states Put down Hungarian revolt in 1956 led by Imre Nagy by placing tanks at the capital of Budapest, capturing and executing Nagy and placing a pro- Soviet government in charge Removed from power after the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1964 Replaced by Brezhnev

Mikhail Gorbachev Brezhnev died and his two successors only made it a year before they died Gorbachev takes leadership after their deaths

Gorbachev 1985 policy of glasnost(openness)-churches open, released dissidents from prison and allowed publication of banned books 1985 perestroika-economic restructuring, allowed for small private business to make the economic system more efficient and productive 1987 democratization- election of new legislative body 1987 signed the INF or Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty-banned nuclear missiles with ranges of 300 to 3,400 miles

Gorbachev March 1990 Lithuania declared independence from Soviet Union, January 1991 the Soviet Troops attacked unarmed civilians Lost support in the August Coup, Military left Moscow stepped down as president in 1991 and replaced by Boris Yeltsin an elected President

Let’s Summarize… What Soviet leader replaced Stalin? How was he different? In what ways do the two Soviet leaders compare?