The Dot Game If you got a dot, Don’t get caught!

The Dot Game Directions DO NOT SHOW/TELL ANYONE WHAT IS ON YOUR PAPER AT ANY POINT THROUGHOUT THE GAME!!! Objective (how to win): –If you are a “non-dot” - to try to create the largest group of non-dots (no dots allowed!) –If you are a “dot” - to try to infiltrate a group of non-dots without being detected You will have 5 minutes to try create the largest group of non-dots. Be sure to try to figure out who the dots are and keep them out of your group! In the end, if you have any “dots” in your group, your group will automatically be disqualified. Be careful who you trust and let in your group!

Debrief Non-dots, how did you feel? What was your strategy? Non-dots, how did you feel? What was your strategy? Dots, how did you feel? What was your strategy? Dots, how did you feel? What was your strategy? Share-out Share-out Why might we play this game during our study of the Cold War? Why might we play this game during our study of the Cold War?

#3 The Cold War at Home

HUAC House of Un- American Activities Committee Congressional committee that investigated Communist influence inside and outside the U.S. government after WWII

The Hollywood Ten 10 Hollywood producers, directors, actors, and writers who were investigated for communist activity by the HUAC but refused to testify citing their 1 st amendment rights HUAC and Congress find them guilty and in contempt and all serve jail sentences of 6 to 12 months in prison Hollywood 10 was blacklisted – could not be hired in the movie industry

List of people who are denied a privilege for certain reasons During post WWII - Circulation of names of people that are accused of having Communist ties The accused are unable to get work

Alger Hiss * The House of Un-American Activities Committee publicly accused & charged Hiss of being a secret communist. * Perjury charges were brought against Hiss when he denied before a grand jury that he had committed espionage *Found guilty of perjury and served 44 months in jail * Disbarred (readmitted 30 years later) Always maintained his innocence. Later, 40,000 pages of FBI documents showed that the FBI hid evidence that would have helped clear him

Ethel and Julius Rosenburg 1949, Soviets explode atomic bomb sooner than expected! Physicist Klaus Fuchs admits giving information about U.S. bomb. He implicates Ethel and Julius Rosenberg, minor Communist Party activists and US citizens. * 1951 – the Rosenberg were convicted of passing information concerning the construction of nuclear weapons to the Soviets during WWII. * Executed by electric chair in 1953

Senator Joseph McCarthy Senator McCarthy was a strong anti- Communist activist and an ineffective legislator who needed an issue to win reelection.

McCarthyism McCarthyism --- attacking suspected Communists without evidence; “witch hunt” He claims there are Communists in State Department. McCarthy’s Downfall: He accuses members of U.S. Army. TV hearings show him bullying witnesses and he has no proof Loses public support; condemned by Senate for improper conduct. States, towns forbid speech favoring overthrow of government. Millions forced to take loyalty oaths, are investigated. No profession was safe from the hunt for Communists.

"You read books, eh?" elementary and high school teachers Some individuals compiled and circulated their own blacklists During the postwar anti-communist campaign hundreds of elementary and high school teachers were investigated and lost their jobs, sometimes as a result of being named by proliferating "anti- subversive" groups and individuals. Some individuals compiled and circulated their own blacklists, which were accepted by frightened employers and casting directors who feared being blacklisted themselves if they sought facts and fair play. The motives of some self- serving or vindictive accusers were summed up by Herb Block in a phrase: "If you can't crush the commies, you can nail a neighbor.“ "You read books, eh?" April 24, 1949 Ink, graphite, and opaque white over graphite underdrawing on layered paper Published in the Washington Post (24)

"Have a care, sir" Dwight Eisenhower refused to take a public stand against Senator Joseph McCarthy's aggressive anti-communist campaign Throughout his political career, Dwight Eisenhower refused to take a public stand against Senator Joseph McCarthy's aggressive anti-communist campaign. Eisenhower even struck from a 1952 campaign speech in Wisconsin a defense of his mentor, George C. Marshall, a McCarthy target. Half a dozen Republican senators, including Ralph Flanders, joined Margaret Chase Smith in a "declaration of conscience" against McCarthy. Eisenhower, however, continued to speak of "justice and fair play" in fighting communism, and it was a long time before they prevailed. "Have a care, sir," March 4, 1954 Reproduction from original drawing Published in the Washington Post (33)

President Harry Truman spoke against "scaremongers and hatemongers" who "are trying to create fear and suspicion among us by the use of slander, unproved accusations, and just plain lies.“ As Senator Joseph McCarthy's campaign against State Department and Justice Department officials continued, President Harry Truman spoke against "scaremongers and hatemongers" who "are trying to create fear and suspicion among us by the use of slander, unproved accusations, and just plain lies.“ "Say, what ever happened to 'freedom-from-fear'?" August 13, 1951 Reproduction from original drawing Published in the Washington Post (31)

"Stand fast, men -- They're armed with marshmallows" denounced the Girl Scouts, calling the "one world" ideas advocated in their publications "un- American." Even with Senator Joseph McCarthy on the wane, the general hysteria continued in many forms by assorted super patriots. In the summer of 1954, a branch of the American Legion denounced the Girl Scouts, calling the "one world" ideas advocated in their publications "un- American." "Stand fast, men--They're armed with marshmallows," August 11, 1954 Reproduction from original drawing Published in the Washington Post (35)

United States Army McCarthy submitted evidence that was identified as fraudulent bullying "conduct unbecoming a senator." In 1954, Senator Joseph McCarthy went too far when he took on the United States Army, accusing it of promoting communists. The Senate held special hearings, known as the Army-McCarthy hearings, which were among the first to be televised nationally. In the course of testimony McCarthy submitted evidence that was identified as fraudulent. As both public and politicians watched the bullying antics of the Senator, they became increasingly disenchanted. Before the year was out McCarthy, whose charges had first hit the headlines in February 1950, was censured by his colleagues for "conduct unbecoming a senator." ""I have here in my hand...," May 7, 1954 Ink, graphite, opaque white, and overlay over graphite underdrawing on layered paper Published in the Washington Post (34)

Quick Write Think of a time when you were accused of something. How does it compare to people accused of being communist during the 1950s? – Who accused you and why? – Was the accusation true? – Did others believe the accusation? – Were you treated differently or punished because of the accusation? – Any other juicy details???