Food for Thought What do you think are the most important advances made during your lifetime? Name something in this room that was not made in a factory.

Industrial Revolution The Industrial Revolution refers to the developments that changed rural societies into city-centered, industrialized societies

Industrialization The process by which economic activities evolved from producing primary goods to factories that mass produce goods Industrial Revolution – series of improvements in industrial technology that transformed the process of manufacturing goods

Before the IR Industry was dispersed across landscape Less than 10% live in cities Most (75%) lived in small towns or villages in the countryside People made household tools/agricultural equipment in their homes or obtained them in the local village Home-based manufacturing – cottage industry –Items were hand made. –Items were often exchanged for food from the farms –Small scale production –Textiles was the main industry

Family Life: Before Living conditions were hard for most people –Most lived in poorly lit cottages with dirt floors / sometimes lived with farm animals –Life revolved around the success of the crops. –People were malnourished & susceptible to diseases. –Life expectancy was about years.

Industrialization Factory system – manufacturing goods in a central location While watching the clip, write down advantages/disadvantages of the factory system –Consider: Workload, Supervision, Productivity, Social Interaction –

Industrial Revolution Steam engine (1769) was the invention that began the Industrial Revolution in the United Kingdom in the 1700s Steam engine could: –Constantly heat ovens –Be located away from water source as energy because it ran on coal

Steam Locomotive Steam Tractor Steamship Factory Work

Textile Factory Workers in England Spinning Jenny

Industrial Revolution continued Unprecedented expansion in productivity Substantially higher standards of living Principal cause of population growth in Stage 2 of DTM Resulted not only in industrial transformations but new social, economic and political inventions Gradual diffusion of ideas over time

Urbanization Areas building up with the movement of people to cities

The Industrial Revolution (Cont) labor: Jethro Tull’s seed drill (1701) and other developments improved productivity in farming people can leave farms and work elsewhere

Why Britain? Great natural resources –Water and coal to fuel machines –Iron ore –Rivers and Harbors (transportation) –Fertile Land Economic stability- strong banks, overseas trading Capital – people have more $ to invest in labor, machines, materials Large labor supply – increase in population of workers –Farming = more food = longer lives –Entrepreneurs – business people set up industries Political Stability – many wars but none on British soil, successful

Flow of Capital into Europe, 1775-Needed flow of capital in order to fuel the industrial revolution.

1730s to 1860s First Phase -Textiles, Iron Production, Steam Power 1860s to 1914 Second Phase - Steel, Chemicals, Railroads, Gasoline Engine, mass production. Post WWII Third Phase -high technology-computerization, miniaturization, automation Industrial Revolution Phases

Positive Effects Produce goods faster and cheaper / more can afford them Raised the standard of living –Healthier diets –Better housing (Eventually) –Cheaper clothing –Expanded Education (Eventually) –Shorter Hours, Higher Wages (Eventually) –Increased life expectancy (eventually) New jobs Technology Advancements

Impact of Industrialization Rise of local and Global Inequality –C–Class tensions – created a greater wealth gap between people –I–Industrialization widened the wealth gap between industrialized and non-industrialized countries –I–Industrialized countries required a steady supply of raw materials from less-developed lands –B–Britain, the United States, Russia, and Japan seized overseas colonies for resources and markets – ……..Imperialism begins!!!!

Major Industrial Regions What are the four Major Industrial Regions today? West and Central Europe –UK, Germany, Spain North America –Northeast, Middle Atlantic, Pittsburgh, Western Great Lakes, Southern California Former Soviet Union East Asia Japan, South Korea, China

The Paris Basin is the Industrial base of France. Rouen is at the head of navigation point on the Seine River.

Over 50% of goods entering Europe arrive at two ports in the Netherlands (Rotterdam is above)

What is the hearth? What historic patterns can you identify?

What can you observe from this map in terms of where the majority of manufacturing takes place? Do you see this changing at all today? Is this at all indicative of anything economic?

Why is the industrial center towards Moscow and not more in the center of the region? Why were people drawn to these locations?

What is so essential about the East Asia manufacturing center? Why is it so successful? Why is it so remarkable that Japan is successful?