Globalization Chapter 14: Latin America Africa The Caribbean Chapter 15: Asia The Middle East

Objectives To understand the phenomenon of globalization, especially as it applies to contemporary cultures in Latin America, Africa, the Caribbean, the Middle East, and Asia Demographic, economic, religious, political changes Be able to provide examples of globalization of specific cultures for your final

Review Definition Globalization is a difficult process Brings disruption of families, culture Increases migration, population density, crime, pollution, etc. Third-world countries experience globalization differently than first-world Short time period

Colonialism Latin America Columbus, conquistadors, Cortés Africa Slave trade Caribbean Middle East Suez Canal Asia Cash crops Cash Crops of Colonization: Top – Tobacco in Cuba Middle – Rice in China Bottom – Sugar in Jamaica

Changes - Demographic Mesoamerica, South America, Caribbean Population decline (25 to 1.5 million people) initially Disease, labor effects, famine Population increase later Medical and sanitation practices Middle East and Asia Population growth, reduction of death rates

Changes - Economic Americas, Africa, Caribbean Mining, plantation (hacienda) system Disruption of indigenous system Middle East and Asia Cash crops superceded peasant villages More dependent on core societies Finsch Diamond Mine, South Africa

Changes - Religious Religious syncretism Latin America - Catholic church Caribbean – Voodoo Africa – Missionization Middle East and Asia Hinduism, Islam, Buddhism The practice of vodoun on Haiti

Changes - Political Latin America and Caribbean Political autonomy (Bolívar) Africa Independence movements Ghana (1957), Congo (1960), Kenya (1963) Apartheid in South Africa (Mandela, 1994) Middle East and Asia India – Gandhi, 1947 China – Democracy to Communism (Mao, 1949) Simon Bolívar Nelson Mandela Mahatma Gandhi Mao Tse Dong

Changes – Social Structure Latin America Dyadic contract, patron-client ties, machismo Africa Non-nuclear family, polygyny, patriarchy Middle East Required marriage, divorce, complex gender relations (compare Egypt to Saudi Arabia) Asia Communism in China muted patriarchy and some kinship ties Open marriage options, women’s right to work Traditional purdah

Video: Masters in the Colonies Questions to think about: How did the colonists manage to effect control over such large regions? What specific ideas, values, or practices aided in control? How did the natives revolt against the colonists? Pay attention to the native movements towards independence in the 1930s.