INDEPENDENCE MOVEMENTS OF INDIA AND VIETNAM

HOW DID NATIONALISM LEAD TO INDEPENDENCE IN INDIA AND VIETNAM? SS7H3 The student will analyze continuity and change in Southern and Eastern Asia leading to the 21 st century. a. Describe how nationalism led to independence in India and Vietnam.

NATIONALISM Nationalism is loyalty and devotion to a nation placing primary emphasis on promotion of its culture and interests as opposed to those of other nations. Identify times when nationalism may be strong or more evident than at other times.

NATIONALISM… During times of war During times of tragedy or terrorist attacks During times of major events (Olympics) During times of revolution or rebellion During times of oppression

WHO HAS READ OR SEEN THE HUNGER GAMES? What was Katniss really fighting for? Why? Freedom…From What? Could the three finger salute be considered nationalism?

NATIONALISM PLAYED A PART IN BOTH INDIA AND VIETNAM’S STRUGGLE FOR INDEPENDENCE FROM RULING COUNTRIES. However, their struggle took different paths.

SOUTHERN & EASTERN ASIA: INDIA

WHY WERE THE BRITISH INTERESTED IN INDIA?

1.LAND MORE LAND = MORE POWER

WHAT DO YOU THINK IS MEANT BY THE CARTOON BELOW? TURN TO A SEAT PARTNER AND DISCUSS.

2. RESOURCES TRADE = MONEY!

Examine the table. Why did India’s industrial potential go down? Remember, during British rule India was used as a market to sell British goods. India also provided raw materials for Britain’s industrial growth, but not its own.

SETS UP EAST INDIA TRADE COMPANY AND EVENTUALLY COLONIZED INDIA (GAINED POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC CONTROL OVER INDIA.)

WHAT SPECIFICALLY DID INDIA HAVE TO OFFER THE BRITISH?

INDIA Investments were made to improve transportation and communication systems in the country to help move raw materials and finished goods from the ports to the markets.

HOW DID THE BRITISH VIEW THE PEOPLE OF INDIA? From: Minute on Indian Education, presented in 1835 by Thomas Babington Macaulay. Macaulay believed in educating the Indians with English because their native dialects were 'so poor and rude that, until they are enriched from some other quarter, it will not be easy to translate any valuable work into them.' In perhaps the most famous part of the Minute, he stated his intent for English education in India, to 'form a class who may be interpreters between us and the millions whom we govern; a class of persons, Indian in blood and colour, but English in taste, in opinions, in morals, and in intellect.' These people were to then aid in governing and civilizing the natives of India, in order that they would conform to British rule.

HOW DID THE BRITISH VIEW THE PEOPLE OF INDIA? Uncivilized with “rude and poor dialects” and needed to be educated and “trained” to be like the English.

HOW WAS LIFE DIFFERENT FOR THE BRITISH VS. THE PEOPLE OF INDIA?

Some Indians assimilated to British culture, others very against. Best jobs and education were reserved for the British. Essentially life was easy for the British, difficult for Indians.

WHY DID THE INDIANS GET FED UP WITH THE BRITISH? 1.Indians could not own their own business if they were in competition with a British business. 2.Indians forced to sell their cotton only to British and then forced to only buy British goods. 3.Millions forced to fight in WWI. Britain promised to end colonization-Lies….

WHAT DOES THIS LEAD TO?

MEET GANDHI… Encouraged Indians to refuse to follow British laws that were unfair. 1.Civil disobedience: was the refusal to obey unfair laws even if the result was punishment. 2.Non-violence 3.Boycott

INDIANS CALL GANDHI MAHATMA WHICH MEANS “GREAT SOUL” [Gandhi’s first television interview] youtube.co m/watch?v= ZvnSIOtQ8 hchttps://www. youtube.co m/watch?v= ZvnSIOtQ8 hc [9:35]

BRITAIN SLOWLY BEGAN TO OFFER INDIA SMALL FORMS OF INDEPENDENCE. A National Congress ruled by Indian leaders was established in Indian towns gained more control over their own affairs with the 1935 Government of India Act.

IN 1947, BRITAIN OFFERED INDIA FULL INDEPENDENCE. What happened during this same time period that could have affected Britain’s decision? Britain lost billions of dollars during WWII and could no longer financially support India as a colony.

RESULTS OF INDEPENDENCE By 1946, disputes broke out among the Indians about how the country should be ruled. The final decision was to divide India into three countries. East and West Pakistan would be created for the Muslims. India would be a Hindu country. –This resulted in conflict among Indians over the decision. –Gandhi was upset with the decision because he believed that all (Muslims and Hindus) should work together for a unified India.

HOW DID NATIONALISM LEAD TO INDEPENDENCE IN INDIA AND VIETNAM? SS7H3 The student will analyze continuity and change in Southern and Eastern Asia leading to the 21 st century. a. Describe how nationalism led to independence in India and Vietnam.

SOUTHERN & EASTERN ASIA: VIETNAM

VIETNAM GAINED INDEPENDENCE FROM CHINA IN THE 10 TH CENTURY, BUT WAS CLAIMED BY FRANCE IN THE LATE 1800S DURING EUROPEAN COLONIZATION.

VIETNAM WAS PART OF A GROUP OF FRENCH COLONIES KNOWN AS FRENCH INDOCHINA. The end of WWII was the beginning of Vietnam’s second fight for independence.

In 1945, Ho Chi Minh declared Vietnam’s independence from France; however, it would take many years before independence would occur. Ho Chi Minh, a Communist Party leader, was a nationalist who loved his country and committed his life to fighting for its independence. WHO LED THE NATIONALIST MOVEMENT IN VIETNAM?

Ho Chi Minh created a guerrilla army to fight against the French.guerrilla army For years the guerrilla army attacked French troops until it finally defeated a French military camp.

GUERRILLA ARMY GUERRILLA MEANS “LITTLE ARMY.” GUERRILLA FIGHTERS TEND TO WORK IN SMALL GROUPS AND USE AMBUSH AND SABOTAGE TO SURPRISE

The victory persuaded the French to negotiate Vietnam’s independence. By 1955, France removed their troops from Vietnam and left the country split into northern and southern regions. The division occurred along the 17 th Parallel This divided Vietnam into the Communist North and Democratic South

Ho Chi Minh’s fight for Vietnam’s independence was not over though by any means.

TO BE CONTINUED…

SUMMARIZER