I S A A A Global Status of Commercialized Biotech/GM Crops: 2013 SEMINAR Seoul, Korea 17 February, February, 2014 Global Status of Commercialized Biotech/GM Crops: 2013 SEMINAR Seoul, Korea 17 February, February, 2014 Dr. Clive James, Dr. Clive James, Founder and Emeritus Chair, ISAAA International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-biotech Applications (ISAAA) Dr. Clive James, Dr. Clive James, Founder and Emeritus Chair, ISAAA International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-biotech Applications (ISAAA)

I S A A A Introductory slides ADOPTION – 1996 to 2013 (18 years) ADOPTION – 1996 to 2013 (18 years) IMPACT (1996 to 2012) IMPACT (1996 to 2012) FUTURE PROSPECTS – 2015 (MDG) & BEYOND FUTURE PROSPECTS – 2015 (MDG) & BEYOND Overview of Presentation Source: Clive James, 2014

I S A A A ISAAA – A Not-for-Profit Charity, co-sponsored by public and private sector organizations ISAAA is a Pro-Choice Organization Share knowledge freely on crop biotechnology whilst respecting the rights of others to make their own decisions; ensure that the global society is well informed about the attributes and potentials of the new crop biotech applications MISSION – Contribute to poverty alleviation by increasing crop productivity and income generation, particularly for small resource-poor farmers and to ensure a safer and more sustainable environment Source: Clive James, 2014

I S A A A POPULATION 1.5 B in 1900, 7 B now, 9 B in 2050 & 10 B in 2100 POPULATION 1.5 B in 1900, 7 B now, 9 B in 2050 & 10 B in 2100 Conventional crop improvement ALONE will not double crop production by 2050 – GM/BIOTECH CROPS NOT A PANACEA but essential Conventional crop improvement ALONE will not double crop production by 2050 – GM/BIOTECH CROPS NOT A PANACEA but essential Successful strategy must have MULTIPLE THRUSTS that include: Successful strategy must have MULTIPLE THRUSTS that include: Population stabilization – Africa 3.6 B in 2100, out of 10.1 BPopulation stabilization – Africa 3.6 B in 2100, out of 10.1 B Improved food distribution systems, and less wastageImproved food distribution systems, and less wastage TECHNOLOGY COMPONENT ESSENTIAL – A crop improvement STRATEGY THAT INTEGRATES the BEST of the OLD (CONVENTIONAL) and the BEST of the NEW (BIOTECH) to optimize productivity and CONTRIBUTE to food, feed and fiber security and address climate changeTECHNOLOGY COMPONENT ESSENTIAL – A crop improvement STRATEGY THAT INTEGRATES the BEST of the OLD (CONVENTIONAL) and the BEST of the NEW (BIOTECH) to optimize productivity and CONTRIBUTE to food, feed and fiber security and address climate change THE Challenge – DOUBLE Crop Production by 2050 on LESS resources – water, N 2, etc Source: Clive James, 2014

I S A A A ADOPTION OF BIOTECH CROPS 1996 to 2013 >100-fold increase from 1.7 to M has fastest adopted crop technology

I S A A A

Global Area (Million Hectares) of Biotech Crops, 2013: by Country Biotech Mega Countries 50,000 hectares (125,000 acres), or more 1.USA 2.Brazil* 3.Argentina* 4.India* 5.Canada 6.China* 7.Paraguay* 8.South Africa* 9.Pakistan* 10.Uruguay* 11.Bolivia* 12.Philippines* 13.Australia 14.Burkina Faso* 15.Myanmar* 16.Spain 17.Mexico* 18.Colombia* 19.Sudan* Less than 50,000 hectares Chile* Honduras* Portugal Cuba* Czech Republic Costa Rica* Romania Slovakia * Developing countries 3% Increase over countries which have adopted biotech crops In 2013, global area of biotech crops was million hectares, representing an increase of 3% over 2012, equivalent to 5 million hectares. Source: Clive James, Million Hectares 87% Americas 2% Africa 11% Asia

I S A A A 19 out of 27 biotech countries were Developing Developing countries planted ~ 14 M Ha more than industrial countries in 2013; approx. double the 7 M Ha difference in out of top 10 biotech countries were developing, each growing more than 1 M Ha Brazil largest gain worldwide – 3.7 M Ha, 10% growth >16 M small biotech farmers planted GM crops in 2013, the vast majority in Asia Economic gains: $58 billion for developing countries vs $59 billion in industrial countries 19 out of 27 biotech countries were Developing Developing countries planted ~ 14 M Ha more than industrial countries in 2013; approx. double the 7 M Ha difference in out of top 10 biotech countries were developing, each growing more than 1 M Ha Brazil largest gain worldwide – 3.7 M Ha, 10% growth >16 M small biotech farmers planted GM crops in 2013, the vast majority in Asia Economic gains: $58 billion for developing countries vs $59 billion in industrial countries DOMINANCE of DEVELOPING Countries over INDUSTRIAL, 2013 Source: Clive James, 2014

I S A A A IMPACT OF BIOTECH CROPS

I S A A A IMPROVED PRODUCTIVITY AND INCOME – Farm income gains of ~ $117 B from 1996 to 2012, 58% due to lower production costs and 42% due to a productivity gain of 377 M tons IMPROVED PRODUCTIVITY AND INCOME – Farm income gains of ~ $117 B from 1996 to 2012, 58% due to lower production costs and 42% due to a productivity gain of 377 M tons PROTECT BIODIVERSITY – 377 M tons would require additional 123 M Ha with conventional technology – biotech is a land saving technology. Strategy: “sustainable intensification” – double crop production on same area of 1.5 B Ha of crop land – saves forests/biodiversity– M Ha lost/year PROTECT BIODIVERSITY – 377 M tons would require additional 123 M Ha with conventional technology – biotech is a land saving technology. Strategy: “sustainable intensification” – double crop production on same area of 1.5 B Ha of crop land – saves forests/biodiversity – 13 M Ha lost/year ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT – Reduce need for external inputs – Saving of 497 M kg pesticides from 1996/2012 – 9% saved ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT – Reduce need for external inputs – Saving of 497 M kg pesticides from 1996/2012 – 9% saved – Saved 27 B kg C0 2 in 2012 –contribution to climate change – Saved 27 B kg C0 2 in 2012 – contribution to climate change – Conservation of SOIL & WATER thru biotech + no/low till HUMANITARIAN BENEFITS -– Contribution to poverty alleviation for >16.5 M small resource- poor farmers approx half of them in China at 7.5 M, another 7.3 M in India HUMANITARIAN BENEFITS -– Contribution to poverty alleviation for >16.5 M small resource- poor farmers approx half of them in China at 7.5 M, another 7.3 M in India GLOBAL IMPACT Of BIOTECH CROPS GLOBAL IMPACT Of BIOTECH CROPS Source: Brookes and Barfoot, 2014; Clive James, 2014 Source: Brookes and Barfoot, 2014; Clive James, 2014

I S A A A Source: Brookes and Barfoot, 2014 Economic Benefits By Region Source: Brookes and Barfoot, 2014 Country (US$ billion) 2012 Alone (US$ billion) N. America Asia Latin America Africa Europe 0.2<0.1 Total

I S A A A THE FUTURE Potential for Growth THE REMAINING TWO YEARS OF THE SECOND DECADE OF COMMERCIALIZATION, AND BEYOND 2015, The Millennium Development Goal Year 2015, The Millennium Development Goal Year

I S A A A Global Adoption Rates (%) for Principal Biotech Crops (Million Hectares, Million Acres), 2013 Source: Clive James, 2014 Hectarage based on FAO Preliminary Data for M Acres % Soybean 70% Cotton 32% Maize 24% Canola Conventional Biotech

I S A A A ~ 177 M Ha of global maize ~ 177 M Ha of global maize ~ 57 M Ha or one-third already biotech ~ 57 M Ha or one-third already biotech ~ 120 M Ha potential left ~ 120 M Ha potential left By continent, Asia has greatest potential = 57 M Ha By continent, Asia has greatest potential = 57 M Ha Africa 33 M Ha potential –balance of 30 M in Europe (18 M ha) and elsewhere (12 M ha) Africa 33 M Ha potential – balance of 30 M in Europe (18 M ha) and elsewhere (12 M ha) Global Potential for Expansion of Biotech Maize Source: FAO Stats 2012; Compiled by Clive James, 2014

I S A A A COUNTRY HECTARAGE (M Ha) China 35 India 8 Indonesia 4 Philippines 3 Vietnam 1 Others 6 TOTAL 57 Others <1 M Ha include Pakistan and Nepal Source: FAO Stats, 2012 Biotech Maize Potential in Asia

I S A A A Brinjal grown on 50,000 hectares by 150,000 small, very poor farmers Brinjal grown on 50,000 hectares by 150,000 small, very poor farmers Fruit and shoot borer causes up to two-thirds yield loss requiring up to 80 sprays per season Fruit and shoot borer causes up to two-thirds yield loss requiring up to 80 sprays per season 70-90% reduction in insecticide sprays on a food crop, with health and environment implications 70-90% reduction in insecticide sprays on a food crop, with health and environment implications Up to 30% increase in yield Up to 30% increase in yield Up to ~ US$1,870 per hectare net benefit Up to ~ US$1,870 per hectare net benefit Up to ~ US$200 M per year national benefit Up to ~ US$200 M per year national benefit Bt Brinjal in Bangladesh – A Case Study Source:Compiled by Clive James, 2014 Eggplant Area: India = 680,000 hectares; Philippines = 21,377 hectares

I S A A A Bangladesh – home-grown Bt Brinjal approved in October 2013 for cultivation –a model small country Bangladesh – home-grown Bt Brinjal approved in October 2013 for cultivation – a model small country Indonesia – home-grown Drought Tolerant Sugarcane approved for food in 2013, for planting in 2014; feed approval pending Indonesia – home-grown Drought Tolerant Sugarcane approved for food in 2013, for planting in 2014; feed approval pending Panama – Biotech Maize approved for cultivation in 2013 with plans to cultivate in 2014 Panama – Biotech Maize approved for cultivation in 2013 with plans to cultivate in 2014 Russia – Intention to evaluate GM crops, as of July 2014 Russia – Intention to evaluate GM crops, as of July 2014 Ukraine – Exploring law revision to allow sale and cultivation of GM crops: soybean (1.5 M Ha), maize (4.5 M Ha), and canola (0.5 M Ha) Ukraine – Exploring law revision to allow sale and cultivation of GM crops: soybean (1.5 M Ha), maize (4.5 M Ha), and canola (0.5 M Ha) Status of New Biotech Products and Countries 2013/2014 Source: Compiled by Clive James 2014

I S A A A Several new products – 2 new products planted in 2013: Several new products – 2 new products planted in 2013: – first drought tolerant maize in US (50,000 hectares planted by 2,000 farmers); expected in Africa in 2017 – first drought tolerant maize in US (50,000 hectares planted by 2,000 farmers); expected in Africa in 2017 – first stacked HT/IR soybean in Brazil (2.5 million hectares planted); biggest launch ever Future products include: dual-action products for more effective & durable pest and weed management; drought tolerant sugar cane (Indonesia, 2014); virus resistant bean (Brazil, 2015); and Golden Rice (Philippines, 2016) Future products include: dual-action products for more effective & durable pest and weed management; drought tolerant sugar cane (Indonesia, 2014); virus resistant bean (Brazil, 2015); and Golden Rice (Philippines, 2016) Biotech tools for “Speeding the breeding” of biotech crops –MAS, ZFN and TALENs, to provide a faster response to more severe and rapid changes in climate Biotech tools for “Speeding the breeding” of biotech crops include – MAS, ZFN and TALENs, to provide a faster response to more severe and rapid changes in climate THE FUTURE– and Beyond THE FUTURE – and Beyond NEW & IMPROVED BIOTECH CROPS NEW & IMPROVED BIOTECH CROPS Source: Clive James, 2014

I S A A A

“Over the past decade, we have been witnessing the success of plant biotechnology. This technology is helping farmers throughout the world produce higher yield, while reducing pesticide use and soil erosion. THE BENEFITS AND SAFETY OF BIOTECHNOLOGY HAS BEEN PROVEN over the past decade in countries with more than half of the world's population.” “What we need is COURAGE BY THE LEADERS of those countries where farmers still have no choice but to use older and less effective methods. The Green Revolution and now plant biotechnology are helping meet the growing demand for food production, while preserving our environment for future generations.” Source: ISAAA, 2009 Borlaug’s Counsel on Biotech/GM Crops

I S A A A