Chapter 22 Study Guide

1. Seasons, latitude, and elevation

2. True

3. occurs when Earth’s atmosphere traps the sun’s energy

4. caused by human-made chemicals known as CFC’s

5. increase in Earth’s average surface temperature

6. includes photosynthesis and respiration

7. mesosphere

8. troposphere

9. troposphere

10. increase

11. False

12.chloro fluorocarbons, CFC’s

13. troposphere

14. the process by which plants contribute large amounts of water vapor into the air

15.curve clockwise

16. curve counterclockwise

17. the region where warm air masses meet cold air masses

18. liquid, solid, gas

19. the pressure gradient

20. midwest

21. cumulonimbus

22. tropopause

23. stratosphere

24. cars, power plants, machinery

25. oxygen

26. the process by which water changes from a liquid to a gas

27. solar radiation

28. False

29. False

30. True

31. oxygen

32. CO2 carbon dioxide

33. it goes through precipitation

34. it compares the actual amount of water vapor in the air with the maximum amount possible at that temperature

35. True

36. rising barometric pressure

37. layered and sheet like

38. have interactions that greatly influence weather

39. average weather in an area over long periods of time

40. the rise and fall of land surfaces

41. caused by intense low pressure

42. Differences in air pressure

43. supersonic expanding air

44. tornado

45. tropical depressions

46. the sun’s rays are almost perpendicular to the equator all year

47. the region where electrically charged ions are formed as a result of the absorption of solar radiation

48. at warm temperatures

49. when it has a relative humidity of 100%

50. Air will always flow from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure. Because the low pressure is in the east and the high pressure is in the west, the wind will blow out of the west toward the east.

51. Earth’s rotation causes the deflection of wind to the right or left of its direct path

52. funnel clouds

53. During the process of outgassing, volcanic eruptions emitted the gases that founded the primitive atmosphere

54. Earth’s tilt affects the seasons

55. Tornadoes are high-speed rotating winds that extend downward from thunderclouds. Tornadoes form along the front between air masses with distinctly different temperature and moisture characteristics on either side of the front. Cold, dry air is very dense and sinks. As cold dry air encounters warm, moist, rising air from the South, the warm air is forced to rise faster. As the warm air rises, it may begin to spin, potentially becoming a strong, rotating thunderstorm that can spawn a tornado.

56. troposphere gets colder (decreases) as altitude increases Stratosphere gets warmer (increases) as attitude increases Mesosphere gets colder (decreases) as altitude increases Thermosphere gets warmer (increases) as altitude increases