History review chapters 1-2

Who wanted the land, and why? 1. What was the significance for both European and First Nations of the arrival of Europeans in North American and their use of resources? Europeans were interested in the large amount of natural resources like fish, fur, and timber. Back in Europe, these things were close to extinction. First Nations taught Europeans how to build canoes, and how to navigate the terrain. The First Nations traded fresh food and fur to the Europeans in exchange for metal pots, tools, and cloth. 2. How did the land use change with the arrival of Europeans in North America? Before the arrival of Europeans, First Nations were self sufficient and sustained themselves by farming crops, hunting and fishing. They had rules for governing themselves and distinguishing boundaries. When the Europeans came, they felt they had the right to settle on First Nations land. This meant that even more people were hunting, farming and fishing depleting resources more and more.

How did the land change after the treaty of utrecth What changed after the Treaty of Utrecht for the French, the British, and the First Nations? French: The French lost control of large amounts of land on the east coast like newfoundland and acadia British: gained control of the east coast First nations: many were forced to flee their territory or be killed/sent into slavery According to the treaty, how were the British supposed to treat the First Nations? How did the British treat the Abenaki people? They were not supposed to ‘hinder’ or ‘molest’ the [first nations]. First nations were supposed to have the freedom to come and go as they pleased The british killed many of the Abenaki people or sent them into slavery, forcing them to flee their territory.

How did the treaty of Utrecht affect relations in north America? Vaudreuil said that the French treated Wabanki First Nations as “allies… not as subjects.” Why was this significant for relationships between the French and the Wabanaki, and between the French and the British? By stating that the Wabenaki were allies and not subjects, that meant (to the French) that they had rights to the Wabenaki land. In their mind, this meant they had the right to continue to use it after 1713. The British took a different position and felt that since the Wabenaki had allied themselves with the French, they were subject to the same rules. How did the treaty of Utrecht lead to changes in the relationships between the French, British, and First Nations? The British began to displace and to enslave the Wabenaki nations Wabenaki began to raid British settlements The British suspected the French were involved in the attacks and encouraged their government to do something about it. The British began chasing Acadians away from Nova Scotia.

What SHAPED CANADIEN CULTURE? Most Canadien settlers were farmers called the Habitants. The Habitants were part of the seigneurial system. The Seigneurial System is the system used by the government to divide land among French settlers. A landlord, called a seigneur, rented out farmland to farmers for a small fee. The land given to the Habitants was not big enough to support an entire family so many Habitants also learned to fish, hunt, harvest timber, and trap animals. Coureurs de Bois: met with First Nations trappers and purchased furs in exchange for goods such as wire, cloth, reading glasses, and guns. Voyageurs: Voyageurs were canoeists who worked for fur trading firms. They travelled by canoe to transport fur and goods for the fur trade.

Why was the fur trade significant? What were the motivations behind the fur trade? France and Britain were engaged in the game of Imperialism. Imperialism is the policy of extending a country’s power and influence by creating colonies or conquering other countries. Britain was motivated to join the fur trade simply to add to the success of their colonies. France’s colonies were not as successful as Britain’s and they needed more ways to sustain themselves. To solve this problem they entered the Fur Trade. The Fur Traders and Explorers were interested in wealth.

Historical significance The Fur Trade affected many people and things, some of which were long term impacts. Impact on Nature: Beaver almost became extinct Fish, timber, and other animals were depleted Habitats impacted due to expanding fur trade Impact on First Nations: Spread of smallpox killed thousands Established relationships with French Tribes fought due to competition between France and Britain Rivalry between French and English put them in a bargaining position Impact on Europeans: Deepened relationships with the First Nations (good for business, and survival) Had military allies with the First Nations- the friendly relationships developed through fur trade extended during times of war (French only)

Rising tensions: britain British colonies developed quickly. People in the colonies were having large families which lead to the increasing need for settlers to have more land. This lead to conflicts among the settlers, First Nations, and the French. The British had to expand their search for farmland because the best land was already taken. Their search brought them to the Ohio River which was already occupied by the French. The French were only along the Ohio River for Fur Trading but still, this created conflict.

Rising tensions: French To expand the fur trade and maintain contact with the First Nations, the French built forts at every fur trading post. They did this to encourage the First Nations to trade with them instead of the British. Why do you think this would cause tension?

fortress Louisbourg

Fortress louisbourg Was a major trading fort The largest military base in North America Housed 2,000 people Considered a “safe place” for the French ships to dock In 1744, a war broke out and Britain captured Louisbourg but the peace treaty that ended the way returned it to France.

Impact of forts on first nations Many of the forts were built in places the First Nations considered to be their own. The First Nations were in a difficult position because there were two strong positions ( Britain and France) taking over their land. The First Nations were more willing to have the French on their land because the French just traded furs. The British, however, built farms (sometimes without asking permission).

Check in How did each of the following increase tensions in North America? Which was the most important cause of increased tensions? Justify your position. Overlapping land claims: The construction of fortress Louisbourg: Competition for the Ohio River Valley:

Answering the question You need an introduction, body paragraphs and a conclusion Introduction: Tell me what you are going to be talking about/make an argument for your position Body Paragraph 1 Answer how Overlapping land claims increased tensions Body paragraph 2 Explain how The construction of fortress Louisbourg increased tensions Body Paragraph 3 explain how Competition for the Ohio River Valley increased tensions Body Paragraph 4: Which was the most important cause of increased tensions Conclusion: Summarize your main points and restate your position.