The body controls internal conditions by 1…………….. The body 2………….. of the body is kept steady at 37 o C The skin is involved in this process by 3…………….. and 4……………... The level of glucose in the blood is kept steady by the 5…………….. and 6…………….. Blood water level and 7….. are controlled by the 8…………….. Carbon dioxide level in the blood is controlled by the 9……………... Homeostasis Ch7

The body controls internal conditions by homeostasis The body temperature of the body is kept steady at 37 o C The skin is involved in this process by sweating and vasodilation The level of glucose in the blood is kept steady by the pancreas and liver Blood water level and pH are controlled by the kidneys Carbon dioxide level in the blood is controlled by the lungs. Homeostasis Ch7

Control of blood sugar level normal blood glucose level glycogen insulin glucose glucagon glycogen food exercise normal blood glucose level glucose rises glucose falls Ch7

The body temperature of humans is 1……… o C. Body too warm? Vasodilation allows more blood through the skin so more heat is lost by 2………….. and 3………………… Sweat glands release sweat to lose heat through 4 ………………….. Control of body temperature Body too cold? 5…………………………….., less heat loss. Sweat glands stop. Shivering, 6………………… contract to generate heat. Ch7

The body temperature of humans is 37 o C. Body too warm? Vasodilation allows more blood through the skin so more heat is lost by radiation and convection. Sweat glands release sweat to lose heat through evaporation. Control of body temperature Body too cold? Vasoconstriction: less heat loss. Sweat glands stop. Shivering: muscles contract to generate heat. Ch7

Vasoconstriction Vasodilation less blood flows in capillaries 6 constrict 5 evaporation 4 radiation 3 more blood flows in capillaries 2 dilate 1 Ch7

Excretion is the removal of 1………. from our cells. Lungs remove carbon dioxide from the 2…………. The sweat glands release 3………….. in the sweat. The liver: excretes waste in 4…………… makes urea from spare 5…………. ……………. Excretion The kidneys remove 6……………., spare water and spare salt 7…………….. from the blood. Ch7

Excretion is the removal of waste from our cells. Lungs remove carbon dioxide from the blood. The sweat glands release urea in the sweat. The liver: excretes waste in bile makes urea from excess amino acids. Excretion The kidneys remove urea, excess water and spare salt ions from the blood. Ch7

The kidney 1.Blood containing………and oxygen. 2.Blood containing ……… urea and less oxygen. 3.Urine trickles to the bladder. Urine contains urea, excess water and excess ………. 4.Small molecules like water, ions, urea and ……….… enter the nephron by …………………. 5.Glucose water and ions re-enter blood by …………………….……against the ………………….. gradient which involves active transport urea less ions glucose ultrafiltration selective reabsorption concentration Ch7

The kidney tubule Ch7 name : function a ………………: ……………. b ……………… : ……………. c ………….…… : ……………. d ……………… : …………….

The kidney tubule Ch7 name: function a glomerulus : ultrafiltration b capsule : receives filtered blood c 1 st coiled tube : selective reabsorption d collecting duct : target for ADH

Control of blood water content not enough …………. in the blood pituitary gland releases …………… kidney …………………. more water from the urine makes a small volume of ……………………… urine water ADH reabsorbs concentrated Ch7

Control of blood water content too much …………. in the blood pituitary gland stops releasing …… kidney …………………. less water from the urine you make a large volume of ………… urine water ADH reabsorbs dilute Ch7

Diabetics cannot 1………….. their blood glucose.They do not make the hormone 2……… Glucose can often be found in their 3………. The condition can be controlled by: carefully balanced diet ………. injections. 1 control 2 insulin 3 urine 4 insulin 5 rises 6 drops Diabetes Blood glucose 5………………..if a diabetic eats too much sugar or does not get enough insulin. Blood sugar 6…………….. if a diabetic eats too little sugar or takes too much insulin. Ch7

Genetically engineered insulin Ch7 Diabetes used to be treated with insulin extracted from the pancreas of ……….. or cows after they had been slaughtered for meat. Now insulin is made from genetically …………. bacteria. It is called humulin. This humulin is better because: it is the same as …………. insulin it has less side …………… it is more acceptable to …………….. it is more acceptable to some ………….