Japan vs. United States

Isolationism  As the US endured the Depression in the 1930s, tensions were rising in Europe  Majority of population in the US wanted neutrality Why?

Neutrality Acts 1936  A series of laws passed by Congress which prevented the US from aiding any country during acts of war or aggression  By the time Germany, Britain, and France were at war, FDR wished to send aid to his friend Winston Churchill

Cash and Carry & Lend/Lease  FDR manages to pass Cash and Carry (1939), later turns into Lend/Lease where FDR was able to supply “allies” with war goods with payment at a later date Usually not at all German response?

Japanese Aggression 1930s  World War I and Great Depression had little effect on Japan  This allowed for the growth of Japanese industry and population  Rivalry with Russia in the early 1900s prompted Japan to join with Germany and Italy to form the Axis Powers in the 1930s

Japanese Expansion  Japanese government looked to expand into Continental Asia, specifically Manchuria and Northern China  China did not support Japan’s expansion into Manchuria which led to tension between the two countries

Japan Invades China  By the early- to mid-1930s Japan had set its sights on Chinese land  By the end of 1937, Japan had captured the major city of Nanking

Rape of Nanking  Once Nanking was taken over, its people were subject to serious atrocities by Japanese military Rape, arson, looting, execution of prisoners of war and civilians  R of N was not looked nicely upon by most of Western Culture, specifically the US

US Penalties on Japan  US had a good relationship with China  In support of China, US imposes trade embargos on Japanese supplies Oil Metal

Causes of Japanese Attack on Pearl Harbor  1. US not supporting Japan’s take over of China in 1937  2. The trade penalties placed on Japan by the US  3. Pressure by the Nazis for Japan to attack the US

December 7, 1941

Pearl Harbor  Japanese Forces 6 Aircraft Carriers 420+ Aircrafts Kamikazes  1 st Attack 6 AM off Japanese Aircraft Carriers Reaches PH at 7: Aircrafts and Torpedo Bombers Targeted Airfields and Aircraft Carriers

Effects  Dead  20 Damaged Ships 8 Battleships Sunk USS Oklahoma  Of the 400+ US Aircrafts 188 Destroyed 159 Damaged  What is the most impactful effect of Pearl Harbor on the United States?

Pacific War Strategy  Island Hopping Jumping from island to island to launch a successful attack at specific target Why is island hopping necessary in the Pacific?  Battle of Midway Turning point in Pacific War as it stops Japanese advance towards Hawaii

Early Iwo Jima  By Feb. 1945, US able to land on Iwo Jima Island blasted for 4 days before US troops land Japanese provided huge defense of the island Several days into fighting, Marines able to raise American flag on Mt. Suribachi 23,000 Japanese casualties Americans planes now able to bomb main island

Mid Okinawa  Final battle of WWII (April-June 1945)  Japanese allow marines to land on island Kamikazes attack retreating US ships ○ 3,000 reported attacks, 38 warships sank Marines now trapped on island but still pushing Japanese soldiers back Japanese retreat into caves and kill themselves (grenades) Early June, banzai raid- only about 6,000 left 110,000 Japanese dead, 10,000 American