Bell Work: 4/11/16 Read pg. 43 and answer #1-2 on pg. 44

Mineral Identification SPI Use a table of physical properties to classify minerals. Classifying Minerals

Color Not the best way to identify a mineral because the same mineral can come in a variety of colors or different minerals can also be the same color Luster the way a surface reflects light (metallic, pearly, waxy, etc.) Streak the color of the powder that a mineral leaves behind Cleavage/Fracture The different ways a mineral can break (smooth/flat or rough/jagged) Hardness a mineral’s resistance to being scratched (Mohs Hardness Scale 1 (soft: Talc)- 10 (hardest: Diamond) Density the ratio of the mass of a substance to the volume of the substance; the measure of how much matter (mass) is in a given amount of space (volume) Special Properties Special characteristics of a mineral (fluorescence, odor, magnetism)

The chart shows the properties of some minerals. A sample of a mineral is red and has a white streak. Based on the chart, which type of mineral is the sample? A Sulfur B Serpentine C Opal D Hematite

Study Guide: 7.1 KP! Color: actual, visible appearance of color Streak: color left behind when mineral is rubbed on white/black plate Hardness: Moh’s scale (1-10), mineral can be scratched by anything harder than itself

Da Rock Cycle SPI Identify the major processes that drive the rock cycle. SPI Label a diagram that depicts the three different rock types. Types of Rocks and The Rock Cycle Types of RocksThe Rock Cycle

Study Guide: 7.2 KP! Sedimentary, Igneous, Metamorphic Rock cycle is continuous Sedimentary Metamorphic Igneous Magma Weathering and erosion Sediment Compacting/ Cementing Heat & Pressure Melting Cooling

Igneous Formed when lava cools and hardens Sedimentary Formed when sediment compacts and cements together Metamorphic Forms when heat and pressure are applied to the other types of rock.

Processes Melting: Under extreme heat, rocks can melt into magma Cooling and Hardening: Magma will cool and harden into igneous rocks Weathering, Erosion, & Deposition: Weathering breaks down the rocks Erosion carries the sediments away Deposition drops the sediments (like it’s hot!) Compaction and Cementation: Sediments create layers and over time these layers are compacted and cemented together Heat and Pressure: Under extreme heat and pressure rocks can change form (metamorphism)

Study Guide: 7.3 KP! Heat & pressure: Metamorphic Melting (magma) and cooling: Igneous Weathering & Erosion  Sediment  Compacted: Sedimentary

Time 1 shows a rock underground. Time 2 shows the rock exposed at the surface many years later. What is the term for the process that exposed the rock at the surface? A cementation B erosion C transportation D deposition

As a riverbank erodes away, sand and mud are transported downstream and settle at the bottom of a lake. Over time, what type of rock is most likely formed at the bottom of the lake? A igneous B lunar C metamorphic D sedimentary

Bell Work: 4/12/16 Read pg. 45 and answer #1-2 on pg. 46.

Earth’s Layers SPI Differentiate among the characteristics of the earth’s three layers. Earth's Layers

Crust outermost layer of Earth; thinnest layer (1% of Earth's mass); two types of crust: continental and oceanic crust Mantle thickest layer of Earth between the crust and core (67% of Earth's mass); solid rock that flows (silly putty rock- convection currents) Outer Core liquid iron and nickel Inner Core Solid iron and nickel

The diagram below shows the layers of Earth. What makes up most of Layer 3? A liquid water B molten rock C hydrogen and helium gas D liquid iron and nickel

Study Guide: 7.4 KP! Crust: Thin lithospheric plates, mostly water Mantle: 67% of mass, convection currents, solid rock that flows Outer core: Liquid iron & nickel, inner core: solid iron & nickel

The diagram shows a divergent plate boundary. Which of these will most likely happen because the lithospheric plates move away from each other? A New sea floor forms. B Tides become higher. C Winds become stronger. D Water moves to higher latitudes.

Which of these formed the Appalachian Mountains? A sea-floor spreading B continental plates colliding C river sediment deposition D frequent earthquake activity

Plate Tectonics SPI Recognize that lithospheric plates on the scale of continents and oceans continually move at rates of centimeters per year. SPI Describe the relationship between plate movements and earthquakes, mountain building, volcanoes, and sea floor spreading. Plate Tectonics

Study Guide: 7.5 KP! Lithospheric plates: sections of crust moving on top of asthenosphere Plates move centimeters (1-20) each year

Tectonic Plates: parts of the lithosphere that move around on top of the asthenosphere (middle mantle) Types of boundaries: Transform- plates slide past each other causing earthquakes Divergent- plates move apart causing sea-floor spreading and volcanoes Convergent- plates collide causing mountains and volcanoes Pangaea: Alfred Wegener believed that the continents were one single landmass called Pangaea, they separated, and drifted apart to how they are today (continental drift)

Study Guide: 7.6 KP! Plates move apart= new crust forms (divergent) Plates move together= mountains & volcanoes (convergent) Earthquakes caused by plate movement at fault lines

The map shows the motion of a tectonic plate that includes the country of India. Which is the best approximation of the distance this plate moves every year? A less than one millimeter B a few centimeters C several meters D more than one kilometer

Geologists placed posts on opposite sides of divergent plates to determine the rate of plate movement. How far apart will the posts most likely have moved after 10 years? A 50 centimeters B 5 meters C 50 meters D 5 kilometers

Earth’s Resources SPI Analyze and evaluate the impact of man’s use of earth’s land, water, and atmospheric resources. Fossil Fuels and Natural Resources Fossil FuelsNatural Resources

Renewable Resources that can be renewed or used again in our life time (fresh water, solar power, trees, etc.) Non-Renewable Resources that cannot be renewed or used again in our life time; once it is used, it is gone and will take hundreds, upon thousands of years to renew (fossil fuels, like coal, oil, and natural gas)

Study Guide: 7.7 KP! Renewable resources replenish, nonrenewable used too quickly

As the ozone layer in the upper atmosphere becomes depleted, skin damage can occur from exposure to high levels of ultraviolet (UV) rays. Which human activity has contributed to the breakdown of the ozone layer? A construction of wind turbines to generate electricity B introduction of invasive plant species into local ecosystems C construction of dams for hydroelectric power D release of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) into the atmosphere

When water vapor, methane, and carbon dioxide are released into the atmosphere, trapped heat is reradiated back to Earth. Which of these will most likely occur when heat is reradiated back to Earth? A Acid precipitation will form. B Soil contamination will increase. C Surface temperatures will increase globally. D The ozone will become thinner and break down.