What are rocks and minerals? How are they different? Scripps Classroom Connection Key Question:

Rock-Forming Mineral Groups Chemical FormulaExampleComments Native Element C S Au Diamond Sulfur Gold Jewelry, industry Acid Jewelry Oxide Fe 2 O 3 HematiteOre of iron Sulfide PbS FeS 2 Galena Pyrite Ore of lead Fool’s gold Carbonate CaCO 3 CalciteLimestone, marble Silicate SiO 2 (Na, Ca)AlSi 2 O 8 Quartz Plagioclase Most common minerals, Gemstones, makeup, foods, sand, etc. Scripps Classroom Connection

Mineral Identification ● Crystal Form ● Cleavage ● Luster ● Streak ● Hardness ● Color ● Other Properties…. Taste, smell, feel, tenacity, reaction to acid, magnetism, Scripps Classroom Connection

Scripps Classroom Connection Polymorphs of Carbon

Native Elements Diamond - C Sulfur - S Scripps Classroom Connection Native Copper - Cu

Oxides Corundum: Al 2 O 3 Sapphire and Ruby Scripps Classroom Connection

Sulfides Scripps Classroom Connection Pyrite - FeS 2 Bornite (Peacock Ore) – Cu 5 FeS 4

Carbonates Azurite - Cu 3 (CO 3 ) 2 (OH) 2 Scripps Classroom Connection Calcite – CaCO 3

Silicates Beryl - Be 3 Al 2 Si 6 O 18 Quartz- SiO 2 Scripps Classroom Connection

Three Categories of Rocks 1) Igneous 2) Sedimentary 3) Metamorphic Scripps Classroom Connection

Importance of Rocks & Minerals ● Fundamental building blocks of Earth ● Used in all aspects of daily life ● Important clues for the history of Earth ● Important to our health Scripps Classroom Connection