9 th Grade Health

STD Overview A sexually transmitted disease is a disease caused by pathogens that are transmitted from an infected person to an uninfected person during intimate sexual contact.

Chlamydia & Gonorrhea BacteriaYes Eye infection pneumonia Discharge from vagina Pain in lower abs Many have NO SYMPTOMS! Painful infection Hard to get pregnant Discharge from penis Hurts to pee Many have NO SYMPTOMS! VERY common, especially chlamydia What type of bug? Curable? Effects on baby? Symptoms in Females? What can it lead to? Symptoms in Males? How Common?

Trichomonas ParasiteYES Born premature Discharge from vagina Itching, Odor May have NO SYMPTOMS! Irritation makes it EASIER to get HIV, if exposed Usually NO SYMPTOMS! VERY common! What type of bug? Curable? Effects on baby? Symptoms in Females? What can it lead to? Symptoms in Males? How Common?

Syphilis BacteriaYES Birth Defects; Death Sores Rash May have NO SYMPTOMS Brain, Heart Disease Death Easier to get HIV, if exposed Sores Rash May have NO SYMPTOMS Less Common, (but still important) What type of bug? Curable? Effects on baby? Symptoms in Females? What can it lead to? Symptoms in Males? How Common?

Syphilis Cause Cause by the spirochete bacteria. Spirochete is a spiral-shaped bacterium. Enter the body through tiny breaks in the mucous membranes and then burrow their way into the bloodstream. Methods of Transmission Intimate Sexual Contact Pregnant female to her fetus Symptoms – 1 st Stage Primary syphilis – first stage of syphilis First Symptom: Chancre – a painless, open sore that appears at the site where the spirochetes entered the body. (Might be on the genitals or in the mouth.) Appear within 10 days to 3 months after exposure to syphilis. The chancre will disappear within a few weeks whether or not a person is treated.

Syphilis Symptoms – Secondary syphilis Stage of syphilis characterized by a skin rash and begins anywhere from 3 – 6 weeks after the chancre appears. Skin rash may cover the whole body or appear only in a few areas, such as the hands or soles of the feet. Very contagious during this period. Rash heals within several weeks or months. Other symptoms – fever, tiredness, headache, sore throat, loss of weight and hair. The symptoms will disappear without treatment and may come and go during the next 1 to 2 years.

Syphilis Diagnosis A blood test will detect the presence of the spirochetes that cause syphilis in any stage of the disease. Treatment Antibiotics Need to have regular blood tests to check that the pathogens are no longer present. Complications If secondary syphilis is not treated – Latent Syphilis – stage of syphilis in which there are no symptoms by the spirochetes are still present and may damage tissues and organs. Late Syphilis/Tertiary Syphilis – the final stage of syphilis in which spirochetes damage body organs.

Herpes VIRUS NO (but Treatable) Birth Defects; Death Blisters Many have NO SYMPTOMS Pain and blisters can come back in outbreaks Blisters Many have NO SYMPTOMS VERY Common What type of bug? Curable? Effects on baby? Symptoms in Females? What can it lead to? Symptoms in Males? How Common?

HPV VIRUS NO (but Treatable) Rarely, baby can get throat warts Warts, bumps Many have NO SYMPTOMS Some types of HPV can lead to Cancer (of the cervix) Warts, bumps Many have NO SYMPTOMS VERY Common What type of bug? Curable? Effects on baby? Symptoms in Females? What can it lead to? Symptoms in Males? How Common?

Human Papillomavirus - HPV Anyone who has ever had genital contact with another person may have HPV. Both men and women may get it -- and pass it on-- without knowing it. Since there might not be any signs, a person may have HPV even if years have passed since he or she had sex. You are more likely to get HPV if you have: sex at an early age, many sex partners, or a sex partner who has had many partners. There are over 100 different kinds of HPV and not all of them cause health problems. Some kinds of HPV may cause problems like genital warts. Some kinds of HPV can also cause cancer of the cervix, vagina, vulva, or anus. Most of these problems are caused by types 6, 11, 16 or 18.

Human Papillomavirus - HPV HPV (human papillomavirus) is a sexually transmitted virus. It is passed on through genital contact (such as vaginal sex). It is also passed on by skin-to- skin contact. At least 50% of people who have had sex will have HPV at some time in their lives. There is no cure for the virus (HPV) itself. There are treatments for the health problems that HPV can cause, such as genital warts, cervical changes, and cervical cancer. Tests It tests for the kinds of HPV that may lead to cervical cancer. The FDA approved the HPV test to be used for women over 30 years old. It may find HPV even before there are changes to the cervix. Women who have the HPV test still need to get the Pap test. FDA has approved vaccines that prevent certain diseases, including cervical cancer, caused by some types of HPV. Ask your doctor if you should get an HPV Vaccine.

Genital Warts Cause Caused by certain types of the HPV that produces wart-like growth on the genitals. More than 60 different types of HPV have been discovered. Methods of Transmission Intimate Sexual Contact Direct contact with infected bed linens, towels and clothing. Spread from pregnant mother to baby. Symptoms Appear 3 – 8 months after infection. Usually are soft, red, or pink and resemble a cauliflower. Sometimes hard and yellow-gray. May develop in the mouth, and near the genitals.

Genital Warts Diagnosis Pap smear for females Several new laboratory tests can identify specific types of HPV. Treatment No treatment is available that will completely get rid of the virus causing genital warts. Once infected, people will always have the virus in their bodies. Laser surgery and using liquid nitrogen are two ways to attempt to remove the warts. Complications Embarrassment, can increase the risk of cancers of the cervix, vulva, anus, and penis. Make urination for expectant mothers difficult. The warts enlarge during pregnancy.

Reduce the Risk of STD’s Abstain from sex until you are married. Change your behavior and be tested for STD’s and HIV if you have been sexually active. Have a monogamous marriage if you choose to marry in the future. Choose a drug-free lifestyle. Avoid use of injection drugs. Change your behavior if you use drugs. Avoid sharing a needle to make tattoos or to pierce ears and other body parts. Follow universal precautions. Take other precautions to prevent STD’s.