Chapter 5 Sexually Transmitted Diseases About 20 million new cases of STDs each year About millions of Americans are living with some type of STD Six most common STDs among unmarried, sexually active young people – Human Papillomavirus (HPV) – Chlyamydia – Herpes – Gonnorrhea – Syphilis – HIV/AIDS

General facts – for all STDs Agents that cause the disease live only in the body Spread through genital contact, from mother to baby- HIV/AIDS through blood and infected needles Girls are more at risk – greater negative health effects than boys

Human Papillomavirus-HPV Most common STD today Causes genital warts May be no visible symptoms Many infected do not know it Warts can become cancerous Cervical cancer-cells on the cervix are very sensitive-vulnerable area the virus attacks-causes changes in the cells-can lead to cancer Can lead to cancer of the penis, the anus Hard to treat-may freeze and remove warts-but virus may remain

Chlamydia Very common The younger you are the greater the risk of infection if you are sexually active May not know that you have it May cause more frequent and discomfort when urinating Caused by a bacteria-infects the urethra or the cervix-if not treated, it travels up to the womb and the fallopian tubes-then cause Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) PID-may cause infertility-causes pain and may lead to hospitalization-if woman does become pregnant, it may cause a tubal pregnancy

Herpes - two types- Type 1 – cold sore virus Type 2 – genital herpes Causes genital sores or ulcers May not know you have it May not develop visible sores It may recur again and again Can be passed on and be fatal to a newborn Not curable –there are drugs that reduce the symptoms and the reoccurrences

Gonorrhea One of the oldest diseases Bacterial infection-bacteria lives on warm, moist surfaces Extremely infective Produces symptoms in boys more often-like a bladder infection In girls-involves the cervix so there may be no symptoms-may be stomach pain and a vaginal discharge Can easily be passed on to another because you may not know you have it May cause PID May be treated with antibiotics in the early stages

Syphilis Been around for a long time Can be cured with antibiotics Chief symptom is a chancre score on the genitals days after contact with the syphilis bacteria May go undetected and may heal in three to six weeks Very contagious Left untreated it can cause lesions on organs- cause blindness, liver and heart disease, mental disorders, death Can be detected by a blood test

HIV/AIDS Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome HIV leads to AIDS spread through the exchange of body fluids- blood, semen, vaginal fluid, mother’s milk – NOT urine, sweat or tears Can get it through any kind of genital contact, infected needle, blood transfusion, baby in the womb of an HIV infected mother Most hidden HIV may be in your body for many years- destroying body tissues-then AIDS develops Not curable-but drugs slow the spread of the disease