Nationalist interests for the Vietnamese against the Imperial US forces Easy and fast trading The Israeli Jews are taking over land held by Palestinian Arabs What is the conflict in Israel and Palestine? While the US considered the Vietnam war, a war against Communism, for Ho Chi Minh it was really a war between what? The Middle East is placed along many waterways, what advantage does this give the area?

During the Long March the communists took care of the peasants The Government Socialism Great Leap Forward Stalin had the 5 year plans; What was Chairman Mao’s modernization program called? How did Mao gain the support of the peasants? Who owns the means of production in a communist nation? What is another name for this?

Communist nations force the people to worship their communist leaders to maintain control The youth became corrupt with too much power USSR: Stalin’s 5 year plans China: Great Leap Forward Vladmir Lenin Mao Zedong Bellringer Who led the Communist Revolution in Russia? In China? Both the Soviet Union and China began programs to modernize their nation, what were they called? Why was the Cultural Revolution a failure? Explain why Communist nations abolish (get rid of) Religion

The Sons take care of their elderly parents, but the daughters marry off and help her in-laws The courts have the same opinion as the government, so it is nearly impossible to defend oneself We disagreed that he was a criminal since he was using Free Speech, which the West considers a right Why did the West give Liu Xiaobo the Nobel Peace Prize despite China’s Objections? Why are sons valued more highly than daughters in China? What is the problem with a court system that is run and operated by the government?

China’s Communist Revolution Revolution=Change

Review: China’s Geography China has a variety of geographic features including mountains, deserts, jungles and ocean coast line. The Himalayan mountains and ocean keep China isolated, and it creates a unique culture They used Terrace Farming to grow crops on the mountains

Last time we studied China… China had forcibly been opened to world trade by the Europeans. First, the British began importing Opium, leading to war. The Chinese lost the war because they were not industrialized. The War forced China to accept many spheres of Influence, and eventually the Open Door Policy from The United states. Additionally, Hong Kong became a British Colony introducing Democracy only to that small island. To push out the foreign devils a group of Chinese instigated the Boxer Rebellion. They killed foreigners, but were soon put down by American and British troops.

Chinese Goumindang Sun Yixian led a revolt ending the Qing Dynasty. By 1921 Yixian controlled Southern China and envisioned creating a united democratic China. He asked for help from foreign powers to establish his government. Only the Soviet Union would help. Sun led the Goumindang (nationalist) party Why would the western powers not help? They were exploiting the weak government for beneficial trade agreements

China “In comparison with other nations, we have the greatest population and the oldest culture, of 4,000 years’ duration. We are the poorest and weakest state in the world. While other countries are the carving knife and the serving dish we are the fish and the meat.” -Sun Yixian What countries might be the knife?

Jiang Jieshi Jiang took over the Guomindang nationalists when Sun passed away in He was supported by the rich business leaders. Jiang began a campaign to unite China under his control. Viewed communism as a threat- he ordered thousands of communists killed

Mao Zedong As Jiang took control over the nationalist party, Mao Zedong was gaining supporters for a Communist Chinese government. Despite Jiang’s attempts to wipe out Communism, Mao Zedong escaped Jiang’s brutal attacks. He sought to spread communism through the proletariat AND large peasant masses. In Southeast China Mao had set up a small communist community with redistributed land, free school and health care.

Mao’s Communism According to Karl Marx, Communism would be brought around by the working Proletariat. Mao differed from Karl Marx because he believed it was the poor peasants who would bring communism, not the proletariat workers.

The Long March Jiang was determined to oust the communist red bandits He began a campaign to exterminate them. Using troops he repeatedly attacked the communists To survive, Mao led the communists throughout China. They retreated for over 6,000 miles! Of the 100,000 communists who started the march, only 20,000 survive.

Nearly 6,000 miles long

Gaining popularity Though Mao and his men are fleeing for their lives, the Long March became an excellent opportunity to gain more support. Mao instructed his men to “not take a single needle or a piece of thread from the people” The communists had to pay for goods, avoid damaging crops, and be polite to local peasants. In contrast, Jiang’s troops created damage and often plundered. If you were a peasant, who would you support, Mao or Jiang? Why?

1937 Japanese Invasion After the Meiji Restoration the Japanese were industrialized and needed more resources. By 1937 the Japanese were strong enough to attack China. Using bombing planes and military advances, the Japanese easily gained control of Northeast China.

Rape of Nanjing Nanjing (Nanking) was a cultural center of NE China and was weak and an easy target for the militarized Japanese. The Japanese began a siege of the city. Once the Japanese broke into the city they slaughtered hundreds of thousands of Chinese. Over 20,000 women were raped and brutalized as a result. Nearly ½ of the population was massacred

1937 Japanese Invasion The Civil war between the communists and nationalists was put on hold as a result of the Japanese Invasion. Mao and Jiang worked together to fight against the Japanese, with the Communists running guerilla attacks. The Civil war between the Communists and Nationalists are put on hold until Japan is defeated. Jiang Jieshi led the Nationalist troops Mao Zedong led the Communist troops

After WWII Mao Zedong wins control of China and implements Communism China is renamed the People’s Republic of China 1949 What do we know about communism? -Totalitarian control -Government owns “means of production” -In China- led by peasants not proletariat Why does it make sense that Communist China will be named the People’s Republic of China? In Mao’s Communist system, the people, the peasants, pushed through communism

Modernizing China -Builds factories, roads and schools -Peasants given land and landlords punished -Confucianism is replaced with communist doctrine -School children learn to praise Mao -Doctors bring basic medical knowledge and hygiene to rural peasants -Women are equal and work alongside men- nurseries are opened for children Review: Confucianism Chinese society was dominated by Confucian ideals of filial piety and the five relationships. Confucianism also created the idea of Civil Service Exams for government jobs because education was valued

Propaganda To help promote the change to Communism, propaganda posters were spread around China. Free Schools also indoctrinated children into the Maoist system.

“Great Leap Forward” Mao began his “Great Leap Forward” program to increase farm and factory output (Similar to Stalin’s 5 year plans) by organizing China into Communes Communes were thousands of acres and included several villages, factories, schools and 20,000+ people

Backyard production In addition to the Commune system, Mao encouraged peasants to create production systems in their backyards. Unfortunately, the backyard iron smelters were low quality and dangerous. 8:08- 10:42

Disaster The Great Leap Forward failed miserably -30 Million die from due to Famine -Factories and backyard furnaces produced low quality goods BIG IDEA: The Great Leap Forward and Stalin’s 5 year plans both tried to increase factory and agricultural output. Both FAILED to produce enough food for the people and Famines occurred.

Cultural Revolution In 1966 Mao began the “Great Proletariat Cultural Revolution” Goal was to get rid of bourgeoisie influences in the Government and Factories Mao urged youths to experience and participate in the Revolution- He called them his Red Guard Cultural Revolution Culture : beliefs and customs of a society Revolution : Change

Red Guards Mao used teenagers to lead the Cultural Revolution. Each was issued a Red book outlining Mao’s ideas. The Red Guard attacked anyone they thought to be counter- revolutionary (or against the revolution). Counter- Revolutionaries were known as Bourgeois Many were publically beaten and robbed. Some were killed or banished to rural areas. Chaos followed and the Government, Schools and Factories stopped working.

Red Guard Power Kids in power accusing parents, teachers, bosses of being anti- revolutionary. Youths are easier to indoctrinate. 9:54--

China and the Cold War --The United States distrusted China, especially after they sided with North Korea during the Korean War. --The US didn’t recognize the Communist Government until 1979 (30 years after Mao came to power) --The Soviets at first helped Mao set up communism in China, but soon disagreements caused the Soviets to withdraw support

After Mao Mao died a national hero in 1976 because he ended foreign domination of China and restored order after WWII Deng Xiaoping takes over China and continues the Communist Revolution. However, Deng Allows for economic reforms and some capitalist ventures

Four Modernizations Deng Xiaoping realized China needed to grow in four key areas: Agriculture- produce enough food for population Industry- improve factories Technology- Electricity to rural areas National Defense- build army Additionally, to increase China’s world strength and economy, Xiaoping allowed businesses from the US and Europe to set up factories in certain areas of China= Capitalism.

Tiananmen Square Though Deng allowed economic reforms he blocked political reforms  he maintained total control By the 1980s many Chinese were asking for political freedom May protesters filled Tiananmen Square asking for political say, when they refused to leave the government sent in the military and tanks and fired on the crowd. Hundreds were killed 2:09+ What does this statue remind you of? What does it stand for?

China’s Government remains communist with capitalist leanings. They do not address human rights in their nation…

Capitalist China China opened up several cities to foreign investors in order to bring investment. China quickly surpassed Japan as an economic world power, and is projected to overtake the US for the #1 spot by These areas are modern, industrial and urban cities. Outside the cities, however, much of China remains rural and struggling.

Review The goal of Mao Zedong’s “Great Leap Forward “policy was to a. Develop foreign export industries in China’s Coastal centers b. Eliminate state owned industries in China c. Modernize China’s economic system by dividing china into communes d. Introduce capitalism to the Chinese Economy

Review A Major goal of the cultural Revolution in China during the 1960s was to a. Restore China to the glory of the Han Dynasty b. Reemphasize Confucian traditional values c. Weaken communist ideas d. Eliminate opposition to Mao Zedong

China’s human Rights …Or lack of Human Rights Human rights are the rights and freedoms all people are entitled to

China vs. United States ChinaUnited States GovernmentCommunistDemocratic EconomyCapitalist SocialismFree Market Capitalism Population1.3 Billion313 million Labor Force780 million155 million Internet users389 million245 million Many economic forecasters predict China will surpass the United States in economic strength by 2030.

Government China is ruled by a strict Communist system. The Government is run by a committee of communist officials who make all decisions. The current president is Xi Jinping. He is determined to create reforms to strengthen communist rule for the decades to come in China. What does this symbol mean? What other nation used this symbol? Hammer- Factory workers Scythe- Agricultural workers Soviet Union

China’s Human Rights Issues -Political Oppression -The Great Firewall -One Child Policy -Laogai Camps -Organ Trade -Tibet

Political Oppression Tiananmen Square: Students demand democratic reforms- Tanks kill thousands to crush protest Today, many protestors are jailed when they speak out against the government, or in favor of democracy.

Tiananmen Square Tank Man became an international symbol for standing up to totalitarian regimes. No one knows who he is for sure.

Liu Xiaobo Political reformer who led during Tiananmen Square 1989 In 2008 he wrote Charter ‘08, a call for democracy, a constitution and independent court system He was sentenced to 11 years in jail, and is still serving his time

Ai WeiWei Artist who speaks against the government through art and an online blog Ai WeiWei became increasingly political after seeing the damage from the 2008 earthquake in Sichuan, China He has had repeated run-ins with the law and was just released from prison in 2012 “ She lived happily for seven years in this world ”

The Great Fire wall of China The Chinese government monitors all internet activity. Even Google has restrictions and is heavily censored Netizens- Chinese bloggers who have found ways around the firewall

Created in 2005, and by 2009 China had blocked access to most of Google's features and censored searches In 2010 the Chinese Government hacked the accounts of suspected dissidents. Outraged, Google, is threatening to withdraw service from China

One Child Policy To combat a ballooning population, China enforced the one child policy in the early 1980s. Exceptions: -rural families with one daughter can try for a son if they apply -Families can pay a “simple” fee for additional children Can’t pay? The government will force abortion OR force adoption Each Chinese baby is adopted for $15,000+ What message do these send to the Chinese people?

One Child Policy In November 2013 the Chinese Government announced a relaxing of the one child policy. Now, couples can have a second baby if one of the parents was an only child. The rules were changed so that there will be a larger workforce to care for the aging population of China

Laogai Labor Camps Political prisoners and criminals are routinely sent to Laogai- forced labor prisons and re-education centers Prisoners are forced to create products, including many of the goods that end up on US Shelves

“Reform through Labor” 3-5 million currently in the camps At least 909 Camps in China

Laogai Information: 909: Number of known Laogai camps… number is likely higher 3-5 miillion: current number of imprisoned 99% Percentage of those charged with “endangering state security” found guilty 314 Businesses linked directly to Laogai camps 40% Of Laogai prsoners are sentenced to more than 5 years imprisonment, life internment or death

Organ Trade Executed prisoners “allow” the government to donate their organs… for a profit Organs can cost over $50,000 and every part is used: Heart, liver, skin, kidneys, lungs… Often, prisoners are kept alive through the harvesting process to ensure healthier organ transplants Since 2010 the Organ trade has decreased in China. Economic Sanctions (punishments) have pressured the Chinese to change their organ trade policies.

Tibet After Mao came to power in 1949, the Chinese took over Tibet. Technically, Tibet no longer exists They have destroyed much of Tibetan culture and outlawed Buddhism. Many were sent to the Laogai camps The Dalai Lama fled to India and has remained there since 1950

Who is the Dalai Lama? Leader of Buddhism. He has been Reincarnated 14 times. The current Dalai Lama was found when he was a toddler

Review The Tiananmen Square massacre in China was a reaction to 1. Deng Xiaoping’s plan to revive the Cultural Revolution 2. Students demands for greater individual rights and freedom of expression 3. China’s decision to seek Western investors 4. Great Britain’s decision to return Hong Kong to China

Review Today, human rights violations most often occur in nations in which 1.Freedom of the press exists 2.Government is limited by law 3.Leaders have absolute control 4.Government has a multiparty system

Review Which Statement best describes a result of the student demonstrations in Beijing’s Tiananmen Square in 1989? 1.Prodemocracy protestors were successful in achieving their goals 2.A state-controlled education program was begun 3.The government further restricted freedom of expression in China 4.Collectivization programs were started in China

Review An Analysis of the Chinese student demonstrations in Tiananmen Square in 1989 would show that 1.Communist governments continue to have little control over the actions of their citizens 2.Totalitarian governments frequently survive by the use of force 3.Peaceful demonstrations often succeed in achieving democratic reforms 4.Negative global reaction sometimes leads to economic decline

Who’s Afraid of Ai WeiWei? 17:58

China’s Forced Urbanization Though China’s economy is still growing faster than other nations around the world, it is slowing down. Part of the reason for the slow down is the lack of consumers within China its self. To increase the number of consumers China is forcing farmers to move to urban areas. Unable to grow their food any longer, they will need to buy goods including food.

Quiz Today! When everyone finishes the quiz we will continue our discussion of human rights abuses in China.