Introduction to Matter Describing Matter

Properties of Matter What is Matter? Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.

Properties of Matter Chemistry Chemistry is the study of the properties of matter and how matter changes.

Properties of Matter Substance A single kind of matter that is pure Always has a specific set of properties

Properites of Matter Kinds of Properties Physical Chemical A physical property is a characteristic of a pure substance that can be observed without changing it into another substance

Properties of Matter Can you name examples of Physical Properties? Color Texture Freezing Point Melting Point Boiling Point Conduction of Electricity Conduction of Heat Malleability Ductility Density

Properties of Matter Kinds of Properties Physical Chemical A Chemical Property is a characteristic of a pure substance that describes its ability to change into different substances.

Properties of Matter Can you name any examples of Chemical Properties? Flammability (burning) Rusting (Iron combining slowly with oxygen) Tarnishing (Silver combining with sulfur)

Properties of Matter Element(s) Is a pure substance that cannot be broken down into any other substances by chemical or physical means.

Properties of Matter Elements are the simplest substances Each element can be identified by its specific physical and chemical properties

Properties of Matter Atoms Are the smallest possible piece of matter Different elements have different properties because their atoms are different

Properties of Matter Most atoms have the ability to combine with other atoms When atoms combine they form a Chemical Bond A chemical bond is a force that holds atoms together

Properties of Matter Molecules When atoms combine they form larger particles called Molecules

Properties of Matter Compounds A pure substance made of two or more elements chemically combined in a set ratio When elements are combined, they form compounds that have properties that are different from those uncombined elements

Properties of Matter Compounds A compound may be represented by a Chemical Formula

Properties of Matter Chemical Formula Shows the elements that make up the compound and the ratio (how many of each) of atoms

Properties of Matter Mixtures Is made of 2 or more substances (elements, compounds or both) together in the same place, but not chemically combined Each chemical retains its individual properties The parts of the mixture are not combined in a set ratio

Properties of Matter Heterogeneous Mixtures A mixture where you can see the different parts.

Properties of Matter Homogeneous Mixture Are mixtures that are so evenly mixed you cannot see the different parts.

Measuring Matter Weight and Mass Weight: measure of the force of gravity Mass: measure of the amount of matter in an object Mass does not change with location

Measuring Matter Units of Mass International System of Units Unit of Mass: Kilogram

Measuring Matter Volume Measure of the amount of space an object occupies Units: Liter (L), milliliter (mL), and cubic centimeter

Measuring Matter Calculating volume Volume=L x W x H

Measuring Matter Density Is the relationship between the amount of mass in an object and its volume

Measuring Matter Calculating Density D= mass/volume Units? Do Math Practice on page 47

Changes in Matter Physical Change Any change that alters the form or appearance of matter but does not make any substance in the matter into a different substance.

Changes in Matter Changes of State A change in state, for example changing a liquid into a solid, is a physical change.

Changes in Matter Changes in Shape or Form Dissolving a spoonful of sugar in a glass of water….is this a physical change?

Changes in Matter Examples of physical changes: Bending Crushing Breaking Chopping Separating mixtures *Read ‘Separating Mixtures’ on page 42

Changes in Matter Chemical Change Chemical change results in the production of new substances with properties different from those of the original substances.

Changes in Matter Examples of Chemical Change: Burning: the burning of natural gas produces carbon dioxide and water vapor.

Changes in Matter Other examples of Chemical Change: Electrolysis Oxidation Tarnishing *Read Figure 17 on page 52.

Changes in Matter Law ofConservation of Mass No matter is lost or gained during any chemical change.

Change in Matter

Matter and Thermal Energy Every physical or chemical change includes a change in energy

Energy The ability to do work

Change in Matter Temperature Measure of the average energy of random motion or particles of matter

Change in Matter Thermal Energy The total energy of all the particles in an object

Change in Matter Thermal energy and Changes in Matter Endothermic Change Exothermic Change

Change in Matter Endothermic Change Change where energy is taken in

Change in Matter Exothermic Change Change where energy is released *Analyzing Data Page 55

Energy and Matter Forms of Energy Kinetic Energy Potential Energy

Energy and Matter Kinetic Energy Is the energy of matter in motion

Energy and Matter Potential Energy Is the energy an object has because of its position

Energy and Matter Other forms of energy Chemical Energy Electromagnetic Energy Electrical Energy

Energy and Matter Chemical Energy Internal energy stored in the chemical bonds Is a form of potential energy

Energy and Matter Electromagnetic Energy Form of energy that travels through space in waves.

Electrical Energy Is the energy of electrically charged particles moving from one place to another

Energy and Matter Transforming energy During a chemical change, chemical energy may be changed into other forms of energy and other forms of energy may also be changed to chemical energy