CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER Physical Science, CP Chapter 15 CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER Section 1: Composition of Matter Section 2: Properties of Matter
Bell Ringer #5 Turn to page 451 and read the National Geographic article about Visualizing Elements. Answer the following questions: Why is pure tungsten used for filaments in light bulbs? What element is used to drape the trunk of your body during X-rays and why is it used? What is the main element found in smoke detectors?
Section 1: Composition of Matter Standard 3: Demonstrate an understanding of various properties and classifications of matter. Indicators: 3.3, 3.4 Objectives: Define substances and mixtures. Identify elements and compounds. Compare and contrast solutions, colloids, and suspensions.
01 Classification of Matter.asx
Substance - a type of matter with a fixed composition. Also called pure substances. Substances can either be elements or compounds. Element – made up of atoms with the same identity Elements are found on the periodic table. About 90 elements are found on Earth.
A compound is a substance with two or more elements combined in a fixed proportion. A chemical compound has different characteristics than its original components. chlorine gas sodium metal sodium chloride (table salt) Compounds can be broken down into their elements through chemical reactions only, and not by physical means.
Mixtures can either be heterogeneous or homogeneous. Two or more substances that can be easily separated by physical means form a mixture. Mixtures can occur between and among all phases of matter (solid, liquid, and gas). Mixtures can either be heterogeneous or homogeneous.
Heterogeneous mixture - mixture of different and easily distinguishable materials
Examples: apple juice, vinegar, sealed soft drinks, etc. Homogeneous mixture - contains two or more gaseous, liquid, or solid substances blended evenly; also called a solution Examples: apple juice, vinegar, sealed soft drinks, etc.
Colloid - heterogeneous mixture with larger particles that never settle
Colloids scatter light in the Tyndall effect
A heterogeneous mixture containing a liquid in which visible particles settle is called a suspension.
02 Mixtures.asx
Review Questions 1. A _______ is a type of matter with a fixed composition. A. colloid B. mixture C. substance D. solution C. substance
Review Questions 2. How many elements are found on Earth? 90
Review Questions 3. How are compounds different from mixtures? The atoms in compounds are combined in fixed proportions and cannot be separated by physical means. A mixture is made of two or more substances that can be easily separated by physical means.
Review Questions False 4. (T/F) A homogeneous mixture contains substances that are not evenly distributed. False
Review Questions 5. What is another name for a homogeneous mixture? Solution
Read P. 448-456 Do 1-5 P. 456
Section 2: Properties of Matter Standard 3: Demonstrate an understanding of various properties and classifications of matter. Standard 4: Demonstrate an understanding of chemical reactions and the classifications, structures, and properties of chemical compounds. Indicators: 3.1, 3.4, 4.6, 4.8 Objectives: Identify substances using physical properties. Compare and contrast physical and chemical changes. Identify chemical changes. Determine how the law of conservation of mass applies to chemical changes.
03 Characteristics of Matter.asx Physical property - characteristics of a material which can be observed without changing the identity of the substances in the material 03 Characteristics of Matter.asx
Appearance - physical description of a substance Behavior - how a substance acts; for example, magnetism, viscosity, ductility Examples of physical properties: color, shape, viscosity, electrical conductivity, size, solubility, density, melting point (temp.), freezing point (temp.), boiling point (temp.), and magnetic attraction
Physical properties such as size and magnetism can be used to separate mixtures. Filtration is a process for separating a mixture by passing small particles through a filter and retaining large particles.
Heating iron is a physical change…why? Physical change - change in a substance’s size, shape, or state of matter (liquid, solid, gas) in which the identity remains the same. Heating iron is a physical change…why?
Distillation is a process for separating a mixture by evaporating a liquid and condensing its vapor.
01 Introduction to Chemical Reactions.asx Chemical property - characteristics of a substance indicating that it can change chemically; for example, flammability or light sensitivity of a substance 01 Introduction to Chemical Reactions.asx Electronegativity Ionization potential pH balance Reactivity against other chemical substances Heat of combustion Enthalpy of formation Toxicity Chemical stability Flammability Preferred oxidation state(s) Preferred types of bonds to form e.g., metallic, ionic, covalent
When one substance changes to another substance, a chemical change has occurred. Indicators (not proof) of chemical changes: gas formed, heat, cooling, odor given off, possible color change, or the formation of bubbles or solids form in a liquid (precipitate). Precipitate of cadmium sulfide forms from clear solutions of sodium sulfide and cadmium nitrate. Some chemical changes occur very slowly such as the formation of rust.
Pinnacles, formed from a combination of limestone and acid rain Weathering involves both physical and chemical changes. Big rocks split into smaller ones; streams carry rock particles from one location to another Chemical changes can occur in rocks when calcium carbonate in limestone changes to calcium hydrogen carbonate due to acid rain. Pinnacles, formed from a combination of limestone and acid rain
Law of Conservation of Mass - Mass of all substances present before a chemical change equals the mass of all substances after the change. RJ Design TM
Law of Conservation of Mass - Mass of all substances present before a chemical change equals the mass of all substances after the change. RJ Design TM
Review Questions 1. Which of the following is a chemical property? A. boiling point B. density C. flammability D. melting point C. flammability
Review Questions 2. A characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the substances that make up the material is a ______________. physical property
Review Questions 3. What does the law of conservation of mass state? The mass of all substances that are present before a chemical change equals the mass of all substances that remain after the change.
Review Questions 4. (T/F) When a substance undergoes a physical change, its identity changes. False
Review Questions 5. (T/F) A phase change is an example of a chemical change. False, all phase changes are physical changes
15.2 P. 465 1-6
Ch. 15 Notetaking Worksheet or Science Notebook Homework: Define Vocabulary Ch. 15 and Complete Ch. 15 Notetaking Worksheet Science Notebook SE Ch. 15.pdf Ch 15 note taking worksheet.doc Science Notebook TE Ch. 15.pdf Bell Ringer 5 Notes Ch. 15.1 Check Ch. 15 Vocabulary Worksheets: Composition of Matter Homework: 15.1 Section Review & Notetaking Worksheet Directed Reading - Composition of Matter and Properties of Matter.pdf Elements, Compounds and Mixtures IF8765.pdf Notebook Quiz 2 Notes Ch. 15.2 Worksheets: Properties of Matter/Chemical & Physical Change Homework: 15.2 Section Review and Study for Vocabulary Quiz Ch. 15 Chemical vs Physical Change IF8765.pdf The Recycling Factory.pdf Tips for Writing a Letter.pdf Vocabulary Quiz Ch. 15 Chromatography Lab Worksheets: Classification of Matter Homework: Book Review P. 470 (1-17) 18, P. 472 (1-7) Chapter Test Review - Classification of Matter.pdf Vocabulary Quiz Chapter 15.doc Bell Ringer 6 Grade and Go Over Ch. 15 Book Review Highlight Notes Worksheets: Study Guide Ch. 15 Homework: Study for Ch. 15 Test Study Guide Ch 15.doc Ch. 15 Test Worksheets: Ch. 16 Notetaking Worksheet Homework: Ch. 16 Notetaking Worksheet, Define Vocabulary Ch. 16 Test (A and B).tst
Attachments 01 Classification of Matter.asx 02 Mixtures.asx 02 Panning_for_Gold.asx 03 Characteristics of Matter.asx 01 Introduction to Chemical Reactions.asx Ch 15 note taking worksheet.doc Study Guide Ch 15.doc Test (A and B).tst Vocabulary Quiz Chapter 15.doc Chapter Test Review - Classification of Matter.pdf Directed Reading - Composition of Matter and Properties of Matter.pdf Tips for Writing a Letter.pdf The Recycling Factory.pdf Science Notebook TE Ch. 15.pdf Science Notebook SE Ch. 15.pdf Elements, Compounds and Mixtures IF8765.pdf Chemical vs Physical Change IF8765.pdf