(7 th ) Chapter 3-3 Cornell Notes Chemical Compounds in Cells

Chapter 3-3: Key Questions: What are elements and compounds? Answer 1: An element is any substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances. Answer 2: When two or more elements combine chemically, they form a compound. How is water important to the function of cells? Answer 1: Most chemical reactions within cells could not take place without water. What are the functions of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids? Answer 1: In addition to providing energy for the cell, carbohydrates are important components of some cell parts. Answer 2: In addition to their function as an energy source, lipids also make up most of the cell membrane. Answer 3: The proteins known as enzymes perform important functions in the chemical reactions that take place in cells. Answer 4: Nucleic acids contain the instructions that cells need to carry out all the functions of life.

Chapter 3-3: Key Terms element- compound- carbohydrate- lipid- protein- amino acid- enzyme- nucleic acid- DNA- RNA- Common Elements: C: carbon; H: hydrogen; O: oxygen; N: nitrogen; S: sulfur; P: phosphorus;

Chapter 3-3 Part 1 element: substance can’t be broken down any further; atom: element’s smallest unit; compound: 2 or more elements combined chemically; molecule: smallest unit of many compounds.

Chapter 3-3 Part 2 water: compound of oxygen and hydrogen; helps cell’s chemical reactions; helps cells keep size, shape; keeps temperature regular.

Chapter 3-3 Part 3 includes carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids; most carbon compounds called organic compounds; carbon compounds in most living things; inorganic compounds: don’t have carbon.

Chapter 3-3 Part 4 carbohydrate: energy rich compound, contains C, H, O atoms; examples: sugars, starches.

Chapter 3-3 Part 5 lipids: energy-rich compounds; contains C, H, and O; examples: fats, oils, waxes; used for cell energy storage; makes up most of cell membrane.

Chapter 3-3 Part 6 proteins: large organic molecules; contains C, H, O, N, sometimes S; made from smaller molecules called amino acids; proteins important for cell structure; enzymes: proteins that help run chemical reactions important role.

Chapter 3-3 Part 7 nucleic acids: very long organic molecules; contains C, H, O, P, N; 2 kinds: DNA, RNA; DNA: genetic information passed parent to child ; also blueprints for cell function; RNA: big role in protein production; found in cytoplasm and nucleus.