 Describe how particles are arranged in mixtures.  Describe three properties of mixtures.  Describe four methods of separating the parts of a mixture.

 Most of the matter around you is in the form of compounds or mixtures.  Water, carbon dioxide, salt, baking soda, and sugar are all chemical compounds.  Vinegar, air, gasoline, and steel are all mixtures.  Video Clip Video Clip

I am formed when two or more substances joined together physically (without chemical bonds) Each substance keeps its properties in the mixture. AIR I am his best friend!

Do not have a fixed composition of the substances. (No Set Ratio) A Mixture can be: element + element element + compound compound + compound Can only be separated by physical methods

 A combination of two or more pure substances that are not chemically combined.  substances held together by physical forces, not chemical  No chemical change takes place  Each item retains its properties in the mixture  Can only be separated physically

Distillation-Apparatus.htm How To Set Up Distillation Apparatus By Anne Marie Helmenstine, Ph.D.Anne Marie Helmenstine, Ph.D.

For example salt water solution  Solutions ( _______ + _________ )  Colloids ( _________ + _________ + _______)  Alloys…metal solutions Brass, Bronze, Steel, PewterSteel  Emulsions (liquid + liquid) = mayonnaise

 Pressure & Low Temperatures!  77 K for Nitrogen 90.6 K for Oxygen  Liquid Oxygen Liquid Oxygen

 (-) mixture lets light pass through  (+) mixture blocks light due to particle size Negative (-)Positive (+) Solutions (< 1nm)Colloids nm Emulsions nm Suspensions (visible particles) > 100 nm

is a substance in which two or more substances are uniformly spread out. Particles never settle out of position

For example salt water solution  Solutions (-) Tyndall effect  Colloids (+) Tyndall effect  Alloys…metal solutions cannot do  Emulsions (+) Tyndall effect

 A colloid is a homogeneous mixture that like a solution never settles.  Milk and smoke are examples.  Particles are large enough to reflect light but small enough to stay dispersed …( nm)  (+) Tyndall effect

 A mixture in which different materials can be easily distinguished.  Visible particles: different sizes, different phases, different layers  Pizza, dry soup, chex mix, trail mix are all examples.

 A suspension is a heterogeneous mixture containing a gas or liquid in which visible particles settle out!  Particles >100 nm  River water  Italian Salad Dressing

 Analyze a solution in terms of its solute and solvent.  Explain how concentration affects a solution.  Explain how a colloid differs from a solution and a suspension.

 A mixture formed when particles of two or more substances are distributed evenly among each other (dissolve)  Particles are so tiny (<1 nanometer)  Never settle out of solution  Never block light (- Tyndall effect)

 Salt water:  The water is the solvent  NaCl is the solute

 Solute is the substance being dissolved.  Solvent is the substance that dissolves a solute.  Solubility is the amount of a substance (solute) that will dissolve in a solvent.

 Demo of an insoluble precipitate  Silver nitrate & Lead iodide solutions  Sulfur & Water?  Sugar & ______________?

 Temperature (increase or decrease)  Particle size (make smaller!)  Stir, Agitate, invert solution  Factors NEVER CHANGE amount of solubility!!! (make more or less dissolve)

 Dilute (Weak)  Saturated (Concentrated)  Supersaturated (higher than normal amt)

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compoundelement mixture compound compoundelement mixture element

An element is a pure substance which cannot be split up into two or more simpler substances by chemical means. (HM) A compound consist of a fixed number of different kinds of atoms chemically combined together. (HM) A mixture is not a pure substance as it contains a mixture of 2 or more differenct substances which are not chemically combined together. It can be separated by physical means. (HM or HT)

You will be shown a series of photos. Tell if each photo represents an item composed of an element, compound, or mixture. Review:  An element contains just one type of atom.  A compound contains two or more different atoms joined together.  A mixture contains two or more different substances that are only physically joined together, not chemically.  A mixture can contain both elements and compounds.

Rocks

Copper

Jelly Beans

Table Sugar

Diamond

Tea

Salt

Neon Gas

Salad

Pure Water

Aluminum

Lemonade

Silver

Sand

Rocks

Copper

Jelly Beans

Table Sugar

Diamond

Tea

Salt

Neon Gas

Salad

Pure Water

Aluminum

Lemonade

Silver

Sand

 Directed Reading Directed Reading  Chapter Review Chapter Review  Vocabulary Word Search Vocabulary Word Search  Concept Map Concept Map

 Detailed notes are located at: nts-compounds-mixtures-notes-isn.pdf  Flow Chart: er-flow-chart-isn.pdf