Rhetorical Strategies, Speeches and Democracy Today A Common Core Performance Task

Standards READING Reading Standards For Argumentation Template Tasks 1 Read closely to determine what the text says explicitly and to make logical inferences from it; cite specific textual evidence when writing or speaking to support conclusions drawn from the text. 2 Determine central ideas or themes of a text and analyze their development; summarize the key supporting details and ideas. 4 Interpret words and phrases as they are used in a text, including determining technical, connotative, and figurative meanings, and analyze how specific word choices shape meaning or tone. 10 Read and comprehend complex literary and informational texts independently and proficiently. 5 Analyze the structure of texts, including how specific sentences, paragraphs, and larger portions of the text (e.g., section, chapter, scene, or stanza) relate to each other and the whole. 6 Assess how point of view or purpose shapes the content and style of a text. 7 Integrate and evaluate content presented in diverse formats and media, including visually and quantitatively, as well as in words. 8 Delineate and evaluate the argument and specific claims in a text, including the validity of the reasoning as well as the relevance and sufficiency of the evidence.

Standards Continued O WRITING O Writing Standards For Argumentation Template Tasks O 1 O Write arguments to support claims in an analysis of substantive topics or texts, using valid reasoning and relevant and sufficient evidence. O 4 O Produce clear and coherent writing in which the development, organization, and style are appropriate to task, purpose, and audience. O 5 O Develop and strengthen writing as needed by planning, revising, editing, rewriting, or trying a new approach. O 9 O Draw evidence from literary or informational texts to support analysis, reflection, and research. O 10 O Write routinely over extended time frames (time for research, reflection, and revision) and shorter time frames (a single sitting or a day or two) for a range of tasks, purposes, and audience. O 7 O Conduct short as well as more sustained research projects based on focused questions, demonstrating understanding of the subject under investigation. O 8 O Gather relevant information from multiple print and digital sources, assess the credibility and accuracy of each source, and integrate the information while avoiding plagiarism.

Day 1 – Introduction to Rhetoric 1. Bell work 2. Notes on Rhetoric 3. Partner Work 4. Group Work Homework: Find the three most outrageous examples of each appeal (ethos, pathos, & logos) and bring them to class. You can print them, draw them, write them. If there’s a picture, the representation must be brought.

Rhetoric What would you say if I told you that you already know what rhetoric is? You’re actually surrounded by it every day, you just don’t know that it’s called “rhetoric.”

If anybody has EVER tried to persuade you, then you have experienced rhetoric! “Come on! Come to the party with me this weekend! You know (insert smokin’ hot guy/girl’s name here) is going to be there! And I heard them ask whether you’re gonna’ be there too!” Even YOU’VE used rhetoric without knowing it! “Come on (insert legal guardian’s name here)! How are you ever going to learn to trust me if you don’t give me a chance to be trustworthy? If I break your trust this time, you never have to let me (insert crazy thing you’re trying to convince them to let you do here) again. EVER. I promise! Don’t you love me???”

If RHETORIC is the art of effective and persuasive communication, then… RHETORICAL DEVICES are all of the different tools you have in your “tool belt” that you can use to try and “get” your reader. You can also use these tools to break down an author’s work in order to see how they’re trying to persuade you. syntax tone diction Persuasiv e appeals parallelis m

VOCABULARY Rhetoric: Rhetorical Devices: Persuasive Appeals: -the study and the art of using language effectively -techniques an author or speaker uses to convey a meaning with the goal of persuading the reader -consist of ethos (character), pathos (emotion), and logos (reason); used to persuade the reader

Rhetorical Triangle context The subject, audience, and speaker are all inter-connected and related. You cannot change any aspect of one without affecting the others. In order to understand what you’re reading, you MUST understand the context, who the author is, what they’re writing about, and who their audience is. (before you get all confused on me, context simply means background.)

Rhetorical Appeals Ethos Logos Pathos

The Rhetorical Appeals: Ethos O Ethos Ethical Appeal O Credibility - trustworthiness of the speaker/writer O Character & Reputation O Credibility based on audience’s view of author and subject. O For Academic Argument, an author must: - Exhibit good sense - Demonstrate high moral character - Good will

The Rhetorical Appeals: Logos O Logos – Logical Appeal O Attempt to appeal to the intellect O Everyday arguments vs. academic arguments O Common ways to appeal to logos? The most valued appeal in academic argument. Accomplished through reasoning, or specifically O Data, statistics, facts (concrete info) O Evidence from other sources, or O Expert testimony

The Rhetorical Appeals: Pathos O Pathos – Emotional Appeal O Appeal to emotions; O Such as: fear, sympathy, sadness, desires, patriotism, humor, happiness Appeals to emotion are accomplished through O Sensory description O Value-laden diction O Anecdotes O Objects of emotions (peoples, abstract concepts, etc.) * Most commonly used of all the appeals

Rhetorical Triangle and Rhetorical Appeals O Our job is to see how the rhetorical triangle and rhetorical appeals work together to create a message O These tools are not exclusive; all six should be considered when evaluating a text Logos Ethos Pathos Author AudiencePurpose

Identifying the Appeals Take out your handout: 1. Briefly describe the commercial 2. Identify EACH of the appeals 3. State whether the commercial was persuasive Ex: 1. Cornflakes commercial ethos: used Olympic athlete pathos: appealed to my desire to be awake and strong logos: lowers heart disease by 12%

Let's Practice 1. Sarah McClachlan animal commerical ethos: The artist, ASPCA pathos: sympathy, empathy, sadness logos: what can we add here?

Let’s Practice #2

Animal Commercial Description: ethos: pathos: logos:

O M & M Commercial M & M Commercial

AT & T ADVERTISMENT

O McDonald's McDonald's

O Sprite Commercial Sprite Commercial

O Macy's Macy's

O Pepsi vs Coke Pepsi vs Coke

O McDonald's McDonald's

O Music Commercial Music Commercial

O Texting Commercial Texting Commercial

O Volkswagen Commercial Volkswagen Commercial

O Tablet Commercial Tablet Commercial

O Gamestop Commercial Gamestop Commercial

O McDonald's McDonald's

Selling Your Item O With a partner, you will be required to “sell” your item using clear examples of ETHOS, PATHOS, and LOGOS 1. Tailor your argument to your audience 2. Must sound persuasive 3. Each person must be prepared to “sell” 4. Must have ethos, pathos, logos 5. Your advertisement should be around 30 seconds, no longer

Homework Reminder O Bring in an example of ethos, pathos, logos!