Key Content Terms: Africa As you look at this powerpoint, define each on the terms sheet of your Imperialism packet: Partition Menelik II Boers The Boer Wars Berlin Conference

The Congo Describe Africa before Imperialism (mid-1800s) Divided, traditional faiths, some Islam/Christian, >1000 different languages, large empires to independent villages, powerful armies, tough landscapes & rivers, trade networks King Leopold II of Belgium gained personal control of the Congo (1876) Claimed that primary motive in establishing the colony was to abolish slave trade Yet he licensed companies that brutally exploited Africans The Belgian Congo was 80 times larger than Belgium Leopold’s seizure of the Congo alarmed other nations Soon other major powers would be claiming parts of Africa In 1908, the Belgian government took over the colony because people were outraged by the abuses

What is this cartoon saying about King Leopold of Belgium andhis colony, the Congo Free State?

Scramble for African territory – 1880s Discovery of diamonds & gold in South Africa increased European interest

Partition- division of a region into separate political units. Partition of Africa: Competition was so fierce that European countries feared war among themselves Agreed that any European country could claim land in Africa by notifying other nations of their claims and showing they could control the area Partition- division of a region into separate political units.

New Imperialism TERM: TERM DEFINITION: Berlin Conference The meeting in Germany where representatives from 14 European nations agreed upon rules for the European colonization/PARTITION of Africa (1884-1885).

WHO do you think WAS NOT invited? The Berlin Conference 1884-85 WHO do you think WAS NOT invited? 1. Who is represented? 2. Who is not represented? 3. What event is represented?

Berlin Conference divides Africa divided rest of continent with little thought about African ethnic/linguistic groups No African ruler attended these meetings, yet conference sealed Africa’s fate Europeans take advantage of Africa’s vast natural resources

African Resistance to New Imperialism TERM DEFINITION: Menelik II – emperor of Ethiopia in 1889; maintained his nation’s independence from European (ITALIAN) rule @ the Battle of Andowa in 1896.

Look at South Africa – what European countries are fighting for control of this region?

EUROPEANS IN SOUTH AFRICA: TERM DEFINITION: Boers Dutch colonists of South Africa - These farmers gradually took over native African land beginning in the late 1600’s.

British and Dutch Fight over South Africa: When the British took over the Cape Colony of South Africa in the 1800’s, the Boers and British clashed over British land and slave policy. The Great Trek: In the 1830’s 12,000 Boers moved north and soon were fighting fiercely with Zulu and other African groups whose land they were taking.

The Great Trek (cont’d): The trekkers established the independent BOER republics of Natal, the Orange Free state and the Transvaal The Dutch/Boers assigned the black Africans separate reserves within the states, where they lived separately but were still available to work for them when the need for labor arose.

New Imperialism: South Africa TERM DEFINTION: THE BOER WARS- Wars from 1899 to 1902, when the Boers and the British fought for control of South Africa. AFTER THE DUTCH WERE DEFEATED, the Union of South Africa , was created and controlled by the British.

The Boers surrendered to the British in May 1902 The Boers surrendered to the British in May 1902. 22,000 British troops had died and over 25,000 Boer civilians. A treaty ended the existence of the Boer republics and placed the newly formed Union of South Africa within the British Empire.

IMPERIALISM Living Photos Africa pgs. 238-242

CONTINUE YOUR INVESTIGATION: FOR AFRICA – ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS: Who was the imperial power; who was the colonized region; what happened BEFORE AND AFTER the photo was taken; what imperial motives does the photo reveal?

New imperialism in south africa SmartArt custom animation effects: horizontal picture list (Intermediate) To reproduce the SmartArt effects on this page, do the following: On the Home tab, in the Slides group, click Layout, and then click Blank. Press and hold CTRL, and select the picture placeholder and text shape (top and bottom shape) in one of the objects. Under SmartArt Tools, on the Design tab, in the Create Graphic group, click Add Shape, and then click Add Shape After. Repeat this process one more time for a total of five picture placeholders and text shapes. In the Choose a SmartArt Graphic dialog box, in the left pane, click List. In the List pane, double-click Horizontal Picture List (third row, third option from the left) to insert the graphic into the slide. On the Insert tab, in the Illustrations group, click SmartArt. Select the graphic. Under SmartArt Tools, on the Format tab, click Size, and then do the following: In the Width box, enter 9.25”. In the Height box, enter 4.44”. Under SmartArt Tools, on the Format tab, click Arrange, click Align, and then do the following: Click Align Center. Click Align Middle. Click Align to Slide. Select the graphic. Under SmartArt Tools, on the Design tab, in the SmartArt Styles group, do the following: Press and hold CTRL, and then select all five text boxes in the graphic. On the Home tab, in the Font group, select Corbel from the Font list, and then enter 22 in the Font Size box. Select the graphic, and then click one of the arrows on the left border. In the Type your text here dialog box, enter text. Select the rounded rectangle at the top of the graphic. Under SmartArt Tools, on the Format tab, in the Shape Styles group, click the arrow next to Shape Fill, and then under Theme Colors click White, Background 1, Darker 35% (fifth row, first option from the left). Click More, and then under Best Match for Document click Moderate Effect (fourth option from the left). Click Change Colors, and then under Colorful click Colorful Range – Accent Colors 2 to 3 (second option from the left). Click each of the five picture placeholders in the SmartArt graphic, select a picture, and then click Insert. To reproduce the animation effects on this slide, do the following: On the Animations tab, in the Animations group, click Custom Animation. On the slide, select the graphic. In the Custom Animation task pane, do the following: Under Modify: Ascend, in the Speed list, select Fast. Click Add Effect, point to Entrance, and then click More Effects. In the Add Entrance Effect dialog box, under Moderate, click Ascend. Also in the Custom Animation task pane, click the arrow to the right of the animation effect, and then click Effect Options. In the Ascend dialog box, on the SmartArt Animation tab, in the Group Graphic list, select One by one. Also in the Custom Animation task pane, do the following to modify the list of effects: Also in the Custom Animation task pane, click the double-arrow below the animation effect to expand the list of effects. Select the first animation effect, and then do the following: Press and hold CTRL, select the third, fifth, seventh, ninth, and 11th animation effects (effects for the text shapes), and then do the following: Under Modify: Compress, in the Start list, select With Previous. Click Change, point to Entrance, and then click More Effects. In the Change Entrance Effect dialog box, under Moderate, click Compress. Under Modify: Peek In, in the Direction list, select From Top. Click Change, point to Entrance, and then click More Effects. In the Change Entrance Effect dialog box, under Basic, click Peek In, and then click OK. Under Modify: Peek In, in the Speed list, select Fast. Press and hold CTRL, select the second, fourth, sixth, eighth, and 10th animation effects (effects for the pictures). Under Modify: Ascend, in the Start list, select After Previous. To reproduce the background effects on this slide, do the following: Right-click the slide background area, and then click Format Background. In the Format Background dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following: Under Gradient stops, click Add or Remove until two stops appear in the drop-down list. Click the button next to Direction, and then click Linear Down (first row, second option from the left). In the Type list, select Linear. Also under Gradient stops, customize the gradient stops as follows: Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 0%. Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 130, Green: 126, and Blue: 102. Click the button next to Color, and then click Black, Text 1 (first row, second option from the left). In the Stop position box, enter 71%.

South Africa: BEFORE Most European outposts along African coasts were for trading of slaves and gold and used as stopovers while sailing to Asia. But the Dutch (BOERS) created a colony in S.A. known as the Cape Colony. It had a large number of white settlers called Boers. Britain took control of the Cape Colony in 1814.

South Africa - Primary Source PICTURE Here we see miners assembled around a conveyor at a British diamond mine in South Africa in 1999. Diamonds were first discovered in 1867 near the Vaal River and changed the history of South Africa forever!

South Africa – AFTER THE PIC Diamond fields attracted prospectors and immigrants from Europe and the U.S. railway construction, trade, and employment boomed. South Africans struck gold which brought commercial mining companies and new machinery to S.A. and increased the economy. Great Britain had complete control of all of S.A. after two Boer wars (Britain vs. the Netherlands).

New imperialism in algeria

To compete with British colonies in Africa, the French looked to North Africa. France set up a colony in Algeria that attracted several thousand French settlers (traders, government officials and farmers). Algeria - BEFORE

Algeria - PRIMARY SOURCE Here we see FRENCH colonists and native Arabs at the Moorish coffee, in Oran, Algeria, about 1890. After the French crushed resistance to their rule, they confiscated traditional grazing lands (considered “vacant”) and sold the lands to French farmers to settle.

Algeria - AFTER The native Algerians violently resisted French expansion into their country. To protect its colonists, France had to maintain a large army in Algeria. As part their scramble for African land, the French continued to expand into Tunisia.

New imperialism in egypt

Egypt - BEFORE Egypt fell into debt in the 1870s, in part because of building the Suez Canal, which provided a shorter route for European ships to travel to Asia. By 1880, France and Britain had taken financial control of Egypt. Protests by Egyptian nationalists led to an uprising in 1882.

Egypt – Primary Source Here we see the British warship Malabar sailing through the Suez Canal in Egypt. The Suez Canal was a critical gateway to India and East Asia. To protect their economic interests, Britain put down the rebellion and controlled Egypt financially and militarily.

Egypt - AFTER A “Scramble for Africa” occurred with France, Germany, Belgium, Spain, Portugal, and Italy asserting rights to various territories. European powers met at the Berlin Conference in 1884-1885 to partition Africa and show who “owns” which slice of the continent. Native Africans fiercely resisted but European weaponry prevailed.

Political Cartoons: Africa SmartArt custom animation effects: horizontal picture list (Intermediate) To reproduce the SmartArt effects on this page, do the following: On the Home tab, in the Slides group, click Layout, and then click Blank. Press and hold CTRL, and select the picture placeholder and text shape (top and bottom shape) in one of the objects. Under SmartArt Tools, on the Design tab, in the Create Graphic group, click Add Shape, and then click Add Shape After. Repeat this process one more time for a total of five picture placeholders and text shapes. In the Choose a SmartArt Graphic dialog box, in the left pane, click List. In the List pane, double-click Horizontal Picture List (third row, third option from the left) to insert the graphic into the slide. On the Insert tab, in the Illustrations group, click SmartArt. Select the graphic. Under SmartArt Tools, on the Format tab, click Size, and then do the following: In the Width box, enter 9.25”. In the Height box, enter 4.44”. Under SmartArt Tools, on the Format tab, click Arrange, click Align, and then do the following: Click Align Center. Click Align Middle. Click Align to Slide. Select the graphic. Under SmartArt Tools, on the Design tab, in the SmartArt Styles group, do the following: Press and hold CTRL, and then select all five text boxes in the graphic. On the Home tab, in the Font group, select Corbel from the Font list, and then enter 22 in the Font Size box. Select the graphic, and then click one of the arrows on the left border. In the Type your text here dialog box, enter text. Select the rounded rectangle at the top of the graphic. Under SmartArt Tools, on the Format tab, in the Shape Styles group, click the arrow next to Shape Fill, and then under Theme Colors click White, Background 1, Darker 35% (fifth row, first option from the left). Click More, and then under Best Match for Document click Moderate Effect (fourth option from the left). Click Change Colors, and then under Colorful click Colorful Range – Accent Colors 2 to 3 (second option from the left). Click each of the five picture placeholders in the SmartArt graphic, select a picture, and then click Insert. To reproduce the animation effects on this slide, do the following: On the Animations tab, in the Animations group, click Custom Animation. On the slide, select the graphic. In the Custom Animation task pane, do the following: Under Modify: Ascend, in the Speed list, select Fast. Click Add Effect, point to Entrance, and then click More Effects. In the Add Entrance Effect dialog box, under Moderate, click Ascend. Also in the Custom Animation task pane, click the arrow to the right of the animation effect, and then click Effect Options. In the Ascend dialog box, on the SmartArt Animation tab, in the Group Graphic list, select One by one. Also in the Custom Animation task pane, do the following to modify the list of effects: Also in the Custom Animation task pane, click the double-arrow below the animation effect to expand the list of effects. Select the first animation effect, and then do the following: Press and hold CTRL, select the third, fifth, seventh, ninth, and 11th animation effects (effects for the text shapes), and then do the following: Under Modify: Compress, in the Start list, select With Previous. Click Change, point to Entrance, and then click More Effects. In the Change Entrance Effect dialog box, under Moderate, click Compress. Under Modify: Peek In, in the Direction list, select From Top. Click Change, point to Entrance, and then click More Effects. In the Change Entrance Effect dialog box, under Basic, click Peek In, and then click OK. Under Modify: Peek In, in the Speed list, select Fast. Press and hold CTRL, select the second, fourth, sixth, eighth, and 10th animation effects (effects for the pictures). Under Modify: Ascend, in the Start list, select After Previous. To reproduce the background effects on this slide, do the following: Right-click the slide background area, and then click Format Background. In the Format Background dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following: Under Gradient stops, click Add or Remove until two stops appear in the drop-down list. Click the button next to Direction, and then click Linear Down (first row, second option from the left). In the Type list, select Linear. Also under Gradient stops, customize the gradient stops as follows: Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 0%. Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 130, Green: 126, and Blue: 102. Click the button next to Color, and then click Black, Text 1 (first row, second option from the left). In the Stop position box, enter 71%. A. Describe what you see. What is the message?

B. Describe what you see. What is the message?

C. Describe what you see. What is the message?