India’s Energy Security: Role of Renewable Energy Amit Kumar TERI, New Delhi

Outline India’s energy scenario India’s energy scenario Challenges Challenges Role of renewable energy Role of renewable energy Collaborative opportunities Collaborative opportunities

The Energy and Resources Institute An independent, not-for-profit research institute established in 1974 An independent, not-for-profit research institute established in 1974 Focus on Focus on – Energy, Environment, Bio-technology, and Sustainable development issues 1000 Employee (650 Research Professionals) 1000 Employee (650 Research Professionals)

…TERI Sustainable Energy Renewable energy technologies Renewable energy technologies Sustainable habitats Sustainable habitats Industrial energy efficiency Industrial energy efficiency

…TERI

Focus Solar energy Solar thermal Solar photovoltaics Solar passive architecture Bio-energy Wind energy Micro/small hydro Renewables based distributed generation systems and smart micro grids Sustainable habitats Industrial energy efficiency

India’s Energy Scenario

Energy Supply Coal  Major energy source  81% of total thermal generation Electricity  Installed generating capacity ~ MW (CEA, August 2012)  Suffering from huge shortages ( ) –8.5% energy shortage (likely to increase to 9.3% in ) –10.6% peak shortage Target: MW annually for next 7 years  Captive power generation –Currently 30,000 MW using fossil fuels

Electricity fuel mix (As on August 31,2012)

Challenges

Low per-capita energy consumption

Energy vs. human development

…Challenges Poor electrification status  Over 289 million people without access to electricity (~ 74 million households)  Over 31,000 villages are yet to be electrified  Electricity supply situation is generally poor even in electrified villages Over 80% of rural India dependent on traditional fuels for cooking

…Challenges Urban and peri-urban  Rapid pace of urbanisation  Use of commercial energy increasing rapidly in residential and commercial sectors  Electricity supply plagued with black-outs and brown-outs

…Challenges Urban and peri-urban  Rapid pace of urbanisation  Use of commercial energy increasing rapidly in residential and commercial sectors  Electricity supply plagued with black-outs and brown-outs The import dependency in 2031 could reach  Oil: 88%  Coal: 72%

Energy security  India is endowed with good renewable energy resources like solar, wind, and biomass  Even at village level, use of locally available resources is preferable than using fuels/electricity transported from the far-flung areas.  Renewable energy is more appropriate as the resources are diffused and decentralized.

Why Renewable Energy  Inability of the conventional systems to meet growing energy demands in an equitable and sustainable manner.  Need to efficiently and economically meet the energy needs of all the citizens, particularly the rural poor.  In today’s environment, there is a need for a broad variety of resource options: –Ranging from conventional fossil alternatives to renewable (low-risk) energy ones

RETs for diverse needs  Grid-connected Electricity  Distributed generation of electricity, heat, and cooking –Rural –Industrial, –Institutional, commercial and community

Grid connected RETs in India

Collaborative Opportunities Joint research on solar thermal technologies including power, heat, and cooling Development of CSP components like mirror, coating, and tracking Joint research on energy storage Sharing of best practices in O&M of CSP plants Offshore wind Wind power forecasting

…Collaborative Opportunities Joint research on liquid biofuels Advance biomass gasification & syngas cleaning Sustainability analysis for biomass Optimization of building systems and elements Renewable energy grid integration Human resource development including joint degree courses and distance education programme on renewable energy

Thank You!