WIND POWER 5TH EYE’S INTERNATIONAL MEETING 5-7 May 2010 TONDELA EDİRNE SÜLEYMAN DEMİRELFEN LİSESİ

Wind Basics Energy from Moving Air Wind is simply air in motion. It is caused by the uneven heating of the Earth's surface by the sun. Because the Earth's surface is made of very different types of land and water, it absorbs the sun's heat at different rates. One example of this uneven heating can be found in the daily wind cycle.

The Daily Wind Cycle During the day, the air above the land heats up more quickly than the air over water. The warm air over the land expands and rises, and the heavier, cooler air rushes in to take its place, creating wind. At night, the winds are reversed because the air cools more rapidly over land than over water. In the same way, the atmospheric winds that circle the earth are created because the land near the Earth's equator is heated more by the sun than the land near the North and South Poles.

Wind Energy for Electricity Generation Today, wind energy is mainly used to generate electricity. Wind is a renewable energy source because the wind will blow as long as the sun shines.

History of Wind Power The Oldest Windmills Were in Ancient Persia Since early recorded history, people have been harnessing the energy of the wind. Wind energy propelled boats along the Nile River as early as 5000 B.C. By 200 B.C., simple windmills in China were pumping water, while vertical-axis windmills with woven reed sails were grinding grain in Persia and the Middle East. New ways of using the energy of the wind eventually spread around the world. By the 11th century, people in the Middle East were using windmills extensively for food production; returning merchants and crusaders carried this idea back to Europe. The Dutch refined the windmill and adapted it for draining lakes and marshes in the Rhine River Delta. When settlers took this technology to the New World in the late 19th century, they began using windmills to pump water for farms and ranches, and later, to generate electricity for homes and industry.

The world's first automatically operated wind turbine was built in Cleveland in 1888 by Charles F. Brush. It was 60 feet tall, weighed four tons and had a 12kW turbine.

Electricity Generation from Wind How Wind Turbines Work Like old fashioned windmills, today’s wind machines (also called wind turbines) use blades to collect the wind’s kinetic energy. The wind flows over the blades creating lift, like the effect on airplane wings, which causes them to turn. The blades are connected to a drive shaft that turns an electric generator to produce electricity. With the new wind machines, there is still the problem of what to do when the wind isn't blowing. At those times, other types of power plants must be used to make electricity.

According to the rotation axis wind turbines "Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines" and "Vertical Axis Wind Turbines," which are divided into two classes. As the size and type of wind turbines in use varies, though usually classified according to the axis of rotation.

Wind Power Plants Require Careful Planning Operating a wind power plant is not as simple as just building a windmill in a windy place. Wind plant owners must carefully plan where to locate their machines. One important thing to consider is how fast and how much the wind blows at proposed locations.

As a rule, wind speed increases with altitude and over open areas that have no windbreaks. Good sites for wind plants are the tops of smooth, rounded hills, open plains or shorelines, and mountain gaps that produce wind funneling.

International Wind Power Most of the wind power plants in the world are located in Europe and in the United States where government programs have helped support wind power development. As of 2009, the China ranks first in the world in wind power capacity, followed by the USA, Spain, and Germany.

Wind power, renewable energy resources around the world use one of the most increasingly has become. Today the rate is too low to use money in the world, in % of world electricity demand from wind energy to meet the work is done.

WIND ENERGY SITUATION IN TURKEY Turkey's first wind power plant, Izmir-Cesme - Germiyan region was established. 3 consisting of two turbines’ installed capacity is1.74 MW plant. Turkey is among countries which is considered to have a high wind potential.

Türkiye'deki Rüzgar Santraleri / Wind Projects in Türkiye PLACECOMPANY START PRPDUCTION POWER (MW) MANUFACTURE RS NUMBER OF TURBINES İzmir - Çeşme Alize A.Ş Enercon3 İzmir - ÇeşmeGüçbirliği A.Ş Vestas12 Çanakkale - Bozcaada Bores A.Ş Enercon17 İstanbul - HadımköySünjüt A.Ş Enercon2 Balıkesir - BandırmaBares A.Ş.I/200630GE20 İstanbul - SilivriErtürk A.Ş.II/ Vestas1 izmir - ÇeşmeMare A.Ş.I/ Enercon49 Manisa - AkhisarDeniz A.Ş.I/ Vestas6 Çanakkale - İntepeAnemon A.Ş.I/ Enercon38 Çanakkale - GeliboluDoğal A.Ş.II/ Enercon18 Hatay - SamandağDeniz A.Ş.I/200830Vestas15 Manisa - SayalarDoğal A.Ş.I/ Enercon38 İzmir - Aliağaİnnores A.Ş.I/ Nordex17 As of 2008 the following table gives the properties of 13 wind power plants

Wind Energy & the Environment Wind: A Clean Fuel In the 1970s, oil shortages pushed the development of alternative energy sources. In the 1990s, the push came from a renewed concern for the environment in response to scientific studies indicating potential changes to the global climate if the use of fossil fuels continues to increase. Wind energy is an economical power resource in many areas of the country.

Wind is a clean fuel; wind power plants (also called wind farms) produce no air or water pollution because no fuel is burned to generate electricity. Growing concern about emissions from fossil fuel generation, increased government support, and higher costs for fossil fuels (especially natural gas and coal) have helped wind power capacity in the United States grow substantially over the past 10 years.

1.The wind is free and with modern technology it can be captured efficiently. 2. Once the wind turbine is built the energy it produces does not cause green house gases or other pollutants. 3. Although wind turbines can be very tall each takes up only a small plot of land. This means that the land below can still be used. This is especially the case in agricultural areas as farming can still continue. 4. Many people find wind farms an interesting feature of the landscape. 5. Remote areas that are not connected to the electricity power grid can use wind turbines to produce their own supply. 6. Wind turbines have a role to play in both the developed and third world. 7. Wind turbines are available in a range of sizes which means a vast range of people and businesses can use them. Single households to small towns and villages can make good use of range of wind turbines available today. ADVANTAGES OF WIND TURBINE

DISADVANTAGES OF WIND TURBINE 1.Wind turbine construction can be very expensive and costly to surrounding wildlife during the build process. 2.The noise pollution from commercial wind turbines is sometimes similar to a small jet engine. This is fine if you live miles away, where you will hardly notice the noise, but what if you live within a few hundred meters of a turbine This is a major disadvantage. 3.Wind turbines generally produce allot less electricity than the average fossil fuelled power station, requiring multiple wind turbines to be built in order to make an impact. 4.The most serious environmental drawbacks to wind machines may be their negative effect on wild bird populations and the visual impact on the landscape. To some, the glistening blades of windmills on the horizon are an eyesore; to others, they're a beautiful alternative to conventional power plants.

Prepared by: ORKUN DOĞUŞ BOZKURT SALİM OZAN ÖZTÜRK Advisors: Sema GÜLER, Geography Teacher Fatma Emel IŞIK, Chemistry teacher Reyhan ORMAN, English Teacher

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