Unit 1

Bell Work 1) Why do you think people do dangerous things? List different reasons why. 2) Why do people trade things? List different reasons why. 3) Do you think it’s faster to trade by land or by sea? Why? Trade – to buy, sell, or exchange goods or services

Objective: To examine the Eurasian trade routes of the Middle Ages. Most of the goods come from Asia and move West (The old saying that “Everything’s made in China!”)

Eurasian Trade Routes Asian traders Muslim traders Italian merchants What happens to the price of goods every time they change hands? The price goes up! Therefore, who became REALLY wealthy from the Eurasian trade routes? Italian merchants!

Advancements in Technology New technology in the 1300s and 1400s, like the magnetic compass and moveable rudder, allowed Europeans to explore the globe.

In 1492, Christopher Columbus set out to reach Asia, but landed in the Americas or New World Columbus’s voyages marked a turning point in world history and began a lasting contact among the peoples of Europe, Africa, and the Americas. Turning Point—A moment in history that marks a decisive change Colony—A group of people who settle in a distant land but are still ruled by their native land

The exchange of plants, animals, ideas, and diseases between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres after Europeans brought new ideas, Plants, animals, and diseases To the Americans. Native Americans introduced New ideas, plants and animals to Europe, Asia, and Africa.

Even after Columbus discovered the Americas, European rulers sent explorers to find a shorter route to China. They believed there would be a Northwest Passage – a waterway through or around North America.(There isn’t one)

3GsPERSDescription GloryPoliticalEuropean kings wanted to expand their empires and control more people GoldEconomicEuropeans wanted to find a faster trade route to Asia and new resources like gold and spices GodReligious/ Social Europeans wanted to spread Christianity Reasons for Exploration

Established in the Caribbean, Mexico, Florida, and South America Spanish monarchy became enriched with gold and silver as they took land for mining, ranching, farming, and established encomiendas (slavery)

New Spain (continued) Spanish conquistadors, like Hernando Cortes, used horses and superior weapons, such as cannons and crossbows, to conquer the powerful Aztecs and Incas of Peru

European Colonial Empires European nations colonized the New World because they wanted wealth, power, land, & God. Other nations were envious of Spain’s Empire in America, so they sent explorers to the New World.

In the 1600’s, the French setup colonies along the St. Lawrence River, explored the Great Lakes and traveled all the way to new Orleans Louisiana. (New France) To protect their territory, the French built forts & made an alliance with the Natives. An alliance is an agreement to help and protect each other. The French controlled everything in Green

 Mountain Men - made their money by trapping and trading fur with the Native Americans (Indians).  The French sold the furs in Europe.  Missionaries traveled the woods to convert Indians to Christianity. Led by Robert LaSalle. Trapper or Mountain Man Raccoon Beaver Huron Indian

The Dutch were led by Henry Hudson in 1609 & set up settlements along the Hudson River in New York. (New Amsterdam) They established a successful fur trade with the Native Americans in the area. Welcomed people from other countries and practiced religious toleration.

1607

 1585 Sir Walter Raleigh and 100 men attempted to set up the first English colony in America at a place called Roanoke.  Within a year they were out of food and fighting with neighboring Indians, and thus decided to return to England  In 1587, John White led another group of eager colonists to Roanoke. Again, they ran out of food. White sailed back to England for supplies, but by the time he returned to Roanoke the colonist had disappeared. No one knows what happened to the colonists.

In 1606, the King of England gave the Virginia Company of London a charter to settle in North America. Charter: is a legal document giving certain rights to a person or company. Jamestown: the first permanent English colony in North American founded in 1607.

The settlers at Jamestown faced several challenges: They built in a swamp – bad drinking water Disease spread by mosquitoes – malaria Starvation – men look for gold and don’t plant food. Poor relations with the Native Americans Many colonists died!!

o John Smith was a young captain who was made the leader of Jamestown. o He set up stern rules to save the colony. “If you don’t work, you don’t eat!” o He had colonists drain the swampy areas and dig a well for better water and less disease.

With John Smith as leader, the colony survives, but gold was never discovered. John Rolfe discovered and began growing tobacco. Tobacco soon became a major export to England and the rest of Europe. So Jamestown prospers

Jamestown, 1607 Jamestown’s new tobacco economy created a labor shortage and led to the importation of slaves from West Africa in 1619.

In 1619, the Jamestown colonists set up the first representative government in North America, which was called the House of Burgesses. In a representative government, voters elect representatives to make laws for them.

Where did colonist get this idea of Representative Government? Colonists brought these ideas from England. In England the idea that all people had political rights was established in 1215, when King John signed the Magna Carta. The Magna Carta was the first document that gave people rights. The King could not raise taxes without the people’s permission.

Independent Practice Jamestown Sensory Figure Create Timeline

Independent Practice Word Bank: marsh, Starving Time, Captain John Smith, House of Burgesses, Pocahontas, tobacco 1. I watched… 2. I listened… 3. I ate… 4. I smelled… 5. With my hands, I… 6. I felt…

1620

 Until the 1500s, the Roman Catholic Church was the only church in Western Europe.  Everything changed in 1517, when a German monk named Martin Luther publicly challenged many practices of the Catholic Church.  Because of their protests against the church, Luther’s supporters became known as Protestants.  These protests caused a split in the Catholic Church that became known as the Protestant Reformation and led to the formation of many new churches. Martin Luther

By the late 1500s, religion divided the countries of Western Europe. Each country chose a religion, which became known as the established religion. People who did not follow the established religion were often persecuted. Persecution is the mistreatment or punishment of certain people because of their beliefs. One group that faced persecution in England were the Pilgrims, also known as separatists.

 To escape persecution, some pilgrims got a charter from the King James.  In 1620, this group of pilgrims along with other non-pilgrims set sail for America aboard the Mayflower. They wanted religious freedom.  The charter gave the Pilgrims the right to settle in Virginia, but they ended up landing at Plymouth, Massachusetts. The Mayflower

 This raised an important issue. Since the Pilgrims settled outside the boundaries of their charter, its terms would not apply to them. Who would govern them in this New World.  To fix this problem, the Pilgrims and non-pilgrims joined together and wrote a framework for governing the colony called the Mayflower Compact. The Pilgrims landing at Plymouth, Massachusetts Leader – William Bradford

The Pilgrims setup a representative government and called it the Mayflower Compact. In the Mayflower Compact, the colonists agreed to form their own government and create laws that would be good for the entire colony.

The Mayflower Compact November 11, 1620

 In the Mayflower Compact, the colonists pledged themselves to unite into a “civil body politic” or government, that would make laws for the general good of the colony.  The Mayflower Compact was a representative government much like the one setup in Jamestown, Virginia.  Thus, the colonists coming to America continued to strengthened the English tradition of representative government. (Magna Carta)

The Pilgrims faced hard (tough) times. 1.They didn’t have time to build shelters to protect them from the cold. 2.They didn’t have enough food for winter. *The Pilgrims survived because they chose a good leader and received help from the Neighboring Native Americans.

 The next spring, Squanto, Samoset, and other Native Americans showed the Pilgrims new plants and farming techniques.  That winter the Pilgrims had plenty of food and held a fest to celebrate. They called this fest Thanksgiving.

The Pilgrims set an important precedent, when they moved to America for Religious Freedom. A precedent is an example for others to follow in the future. Other religious groups like the Puritans, the Quakers, and the Catholics all came to America, Like the Pilgrims for religious Freedom.

Document Based Questions DBQ (Document Based Questions) With your group, you are going to analyze the Mayflower Compact. Each group is responsible for analyzing the document, discussing it and answering the document based questions in complete sentences.