Chapter 3 & 4 Velocity and Acceleration Topic 2.1.

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Presentation transcript:

Chapter 3 & 4 Velocity and Acceleration Topic 2.1

Everything moves... Three ways to describe motion 1. common, ordinary words (sentence) 2. equations (Get ready, here come some more!) and 3. graphs.

Mechanics - the study of motion Kinematics - study of how something moves (describe the motion) Dynamics – study of why something moves (explanation of motion)

3.1 How far? How fast? Reference point - choose a zero point Frame of reference directions based on the reference point Position - separation between the reference point and the object

Scalar & Vector Quantities Magnitude - the size of the number Example: 1.60x ; 55 o ; 512 Scalar - a measurement with only magnitude Example: q = 1.60x C; 55 o angle; 512 Hz Vector - a measurement with both magnitude and direction - vectors are drawn as an arrow

Distance - separation between two objects (scalar quantity) ( s or d )( meters) Displacement - the change in position (vector quantity) ( s or d )( meters, direction) Examples: walk around the table/track/school

Speed - how fast an object moves (scalar quantity) ( v )( m/s or ms -1 ) Velocity - rate of change in position (vector quantity); how fast AND in what direction ( v ) ( m/s, direction or ms -1, direction ) Examples: walk around the table/track/school

 = delta = change in Speed Equation:Velocity Equation: v =  distancev =  displacement  t  t v = s/tv = s/t v = d. t

Instantaneous velocity (or speed) - the velocity of an object at a single instant in time Examples: Police radar gun, speedometer on your car Average Speed - total distance divided by total time Examples: speed for the whole trip to grandma’s house and back Average Speed Equation: v = total distance = s total total time t total

POSITION: reference point = zero Positive (+) = to the right Negative (-) = to the left VELOCITIES: Positive (+) = moving to the right Negative (-) = moving to the left Examples:+ position and + velocity - position and - velocity + position and - velocity - position and + velocity Positive and Negative Position & Velocities

“mks” units ALWAYS! meters-kilograms-seconds Get ready to practice conversions! Homework: Practice Problem page 45 #1-4 page 47 #5-8