© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Units of Measurement.

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Presentation transcript:

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Units of Measurement

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. SI Units Système International d’Unités A different base unit is used for each quantity.

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Metric System Prefixes convert the base units into units that are appropriate for the item being measured.

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Volume The most commonly used metric units for volume are the liter (L) and the milliliter (mL). – A liter is a cube 1 decimeter (dm) long on each side. – A milliliter is a cube 1 centimeter (cm) long on each side.

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Temperature By definition temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a sample.

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Temperature In scientific measurements, the Celsius and Kelvin scales are most often used. The Celsius scale is based on the properties of water. – 0  C is the freezing point of water. – 100  C is the boiling point of water.

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Temperature The kelvin is the SI unit of temperature. It is based on the properties of gases. There are no negative Kelvin temperatures. K =  C

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Temperature The Fahrenheit scale is not used in scientific measurements.  F = 9/5(  C) + 32  C = 5/9(  F − 32)

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Derived Units Density is a physical property of a substance. It has units (g/mL, for example) that are derived from the units for mass and volume. d = mVmV

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Uncertainty in Measurement

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Uncertainty in Measurements Different measuring devices have different uses and different degrees of accuracy.

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Dimensional Analysis We use dimensional analysis to convert one quantity to another. Most commonly, dimensional analysis utilizes conversion factors (e.g., 1 in. = 2.54 cm) 1 in cm 1 in. or

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Dimensional Analysis Use the form of the conversion factor that puts the sought-for unit in the numerator: Given unit   desired unit desired unit given unit Conversion factor

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Dimensional Analysis For example, to convert 8.00 m to inches, – convert m to cm – convert cm to in.  8.00 m 100 cm 1 m 1 in cm  315 in.