ExpressCard 201 – PCMCIA’s Latest Hot-Plug Technology Ken Stufflebeam President, PCMCIA Technical Evangelist Microsoft Corporation

Session Outline ExpressCard Background ExpressCard Background Rational For Change Rational For Change Opportunities Opportunities Electrical Specification Electrical Specification Buses Implemented Buses Implemented ExpressCard Power Switch ExpressCard Power Switch Mechanical Specification Mechanical Specification Form Factors Discussion Form Factors Discussion Security Features Security Features System Implementation System Implementation Summary Summary ExpressCard, PCI Express and USB are trademarks of PCMCIA, PCI-SIG and USB-IF

Session Goals Attendees should leave this session with the following: Attendees should leave this session with the following: A better understanding of new directions for PCMCIA’s modular technology A better understanding of new directions for PCMCIA’s modular technology A basic understanding of ExpressCard implementation requirements A basic understanding of ExpressCard implementation requirements Fundamental concepts for implementing ExpressCard under Microsoft’s Windows 2000 and Windows XP operating systems Fundamental concepts for implementing ExpressCard under Microsoft’s Windows 2000 and Windows XP operating systems Knowledge of where to find resources for implementing ExpressCard Knowledge of where to find resources for implementing ExpressCard

ExpressCard – The New Modular Standard From PCMCIA ExpressCard Specification developed and co-owned by PCMCIA and JEITA ExpressCard Specification developed and co-owned by PCMCIA and JEITA ExpressCard supplants CardBus and PC Card modular technologies ExpressCard supplants CardBus and PC Card modular technologies No further development being considered for CardBus or PC Card No further development being considered for CardBus or PC Card ExpressCard form factor driven by: ExpressCard form factor driven by: Industry’s continued emphasis on mobility Industry’s continued emphasis on mobility Increasing performance demands Increasing performance demands System bus directions System bus directions ExpressCard interface provide scalable performance to meet application demands and price points ExpressCard interface provide scalable performance to meet application demands and price points Interfaces are ubiquitous industry standard implementations Interfaces are ubiquitous industry standard implementations Interfaces remain under the purview of their parent owning bodies Interfaces remain under the purview of their parent owning bodies Power management requirements and implementation remain true to parent specification Power management requirements and implementation remain true to parent specification

ExpressCard Markets Small Form Factor Desktop PCs Appliance-like PCs eHome PCs Set-top boxes Traditional Mobile PCs

ExpressCard Technologies Wireless and wired communications Rotating and solid-state storage media Legacy I/O port connectivity Traditional security ID and biometric devices Adapters Scalable performance interfaces enable new technologies Smaller form factor enables integration into more devices Reduced power demands increase mobility options ExpressCard – Right For The Times

ExpressCard Interface ExpressCard interface comprised of: ExpressCard interface comprised of: PCI Express PCI Express High performance High performance Next generation compliant connector Next generation compliant connector Migration path for CardBus technologies Migration path for CardBus technologies USB 2.0 USB 2.0 Scalable performance points Scalable performance points Low-, Full-, High-speed support required in host slot Low-, Full-, High-speed support required in host slot Migration path for PC Card technologies Migration path for PC Card technologies Low cost data path Low cost data path SMBus SMBus System management and control bus standard System management and control bus standard Spread Spectrum Clock for EMI abatement Spread Spectrum Clock for EMI abatement As defined in PCI Express Base Specification As defined in PCI Express Base Specification

ExpressCard System Interconnect

ExpressCard Buses PCI Express PCI Express One lane One lane Dual-simplex 2.5Gbs differential serial Dual-simplex 2.5Gbs differential serial 8b/10b encoding 8b/10b encoding Standardized by PCI Special Interest Group Standardized by PCI Special Interest Group USB USB One port One port Full-duplex 480Mbps differential serial Full-duplex 480Mbps differential serial NRZI encoding NRZI encoding Standardized by USB Implementers Forum Standardized by USB Implementers Forum SMBus SMBus Supports special sideband system management features Supports special sideband system management features Optional for both system and module Optional for both system and module

ExpressCard Sideband Signals PCI Express specific PCI Express specific WAKE WAKE Brings system out of stand-by in order to process in-band power management event Brings system out of stand-by in order to process in-band power management event It is NOT PME# It is NOT PME# Enables lowest system power state and support wake-up events Enables lowest system power state and support wake-up events REFCLK REFCLK Spread Spectrum clock for EMI abatement Spread Spectrum clock for EMI abatement Required to be supported by system and module Required to be supported by system and module Dynamic reference clock control (CLKREQ#) supported but not required Dynamic reference clock control (CLKREQ#) supported but not required CPPE# CPPE# PCI Express function present PCI Express function present USB specific USB specific CPUSB# CPUSB# USB function present USB function present

ExpressCard Power Switch Controls supply voltages to slot Controls supply voltages to slot Provides reset function Provides reset function On insertion event On insertion event On power-up On power-up On resume On resume Does not support wake events in system states other than S0 Does not support wake events in system states other than S0 Enables 3.3Vaux when system is not in S0 state Enables 3.3Vaux when system is not in S0 state Ensures cold socket on insertion Ensures cold socket on insertion Passes system reset to slot as appropriate Passes system reset to slot as appropriate

ExpressCard Power Requirements 3.3V – primary supply voltage 3.3V – primary supply voltage 1000ma normal operating conditions limit 1000ma normal operating conditions limit 3.3Vaux – wake event support supply voltage 3.3Vaux – wake event support supply voltage 250ma normal operating conditions limit 250ma normal operating conditions limit 275ma when in device state D3 and wake event enabled 275ma when in device state D3 and wake event enabled Note that this is the supply for either a PCI Express function or a USB function Note that this is the supply for either a PCI Express function or a USB function 5ma limit when in device state D3 and wake event is not enabled 5ma limit when in device state D3 and wake event is not enabled 0ma limit if wake events are not supported 0ma limit if wake events are not supported Only available when CPPE# and / or CPUSB# are true Only available when CPPE# and / or CPUSB# are true 1.5V – secondary supply voltage 1.5V – secondary supply voltage 500ma normal operating conditions limit 500ma normal operating conditions limit Intended as “core” operating voltage Intended as “core” operating voltage Not available when system is in other than S0 state Not available when system is in other than S0 state Wake logic must operate from 3.3Vaux supply Wake logic must operate from 3.3Vaux supply

ExpressCard Power Management Supports native power management Supports native power management ACPI ACPI PCI Express PCI Express ASPM (Active State Power Management) ASPM (Active State Power Management) L0 and L3 support required L0 and L3 support required Active State L0s and Active State L1 support are required and enabled by default Active State L0s and Active State L1 support are required and enabled by default PCI Bus Power Management PCI Bus Power Management CLKREQ# enables active reference clock control CLKREQ# enables active reference clock control USB power management USB power management Bus suspend support required Bus suspend support required Wake events Wake events PCI Express in-band PME message PCI Express in-band PME message WAKE# support for system transition to S0 prior to PME messaging WAKE# support for system transition to S0 prior to PME messaging USB bus signaling USB bus signaling USB function can not implement PCI Express WAKE# function USB function can not implement PCI Express WAKE# function

System must implement one PCI Express lane for each slot System must implement one PCI Express lane for each slot System must implement one low-, full- and high-speed USB port for each slot System must implement one low-, full- and high-speed USB port for each slot System must define relationship between PCI Express lane and USB port for each slot System must define relationship between PCI Express lane and USB port for each slot Accomplished through an ACPI eject dependency table entry Accomplished through an ACPI eject dependency table entry Module may implement PCI Express interface option Module may implement PCI Express interface option Module may implement USB interface option Module may implement USB interface option Module may implement both interfaces Module may implement both interfaces ExpressCard Interface Utilization Rules PCI EntryUSB Entry PCI Entry Points to USB dependency USB Entry Points to PCI dependency

ExpressCard Interface Utilization Rules Modules that implement both interfaces must implement the serial number declaration that defines this relationship Modules that implement both interfaces must implement the serial number declaration that defines this relationship PCI Express function must implement GUID serial number PCI Express function must implement GUID serial number USB function must implement serial number feature USB function must implement serial number feature USB serial number string must be: USB serial number string must be: PCI Express function’s Vendor ID number + PCI Express function’s Device ID number + PCI Express function’s GUID number instantiated into USB Unicode Example: PCI Express Vendor ID number: 8486h PCI Express Device ID number: 1023h PCI Express serial number: 9D66CCEACC7998E3h The USB serial number space would contain the value D66CCEACC7998E3 in Unicode

ExpressCard Mechanical Specification

ExpressCard Form Factors Two basic form factors Basic 34mm x 75mm Basic 34mm x 75mm Expected to meet requirements of the majority of single function module applications Expected to meet requirements of the majority of single function module applications Favorite implementation for thin and lite / ultra- mobility applications Favorite implementation for thin and lite / ultra- mobility applications Larger volume 54mm x 75mm Larger volume 54mm x 75mm Enables earlier technology migration to mobile applications before silicon shrink Enables earlier technology migration to mobile applications before silicon shrink Enables higher thermal dissipation Enables higher thermal dissipation Enables rotating media Enables rotating media Enables legacy card adapters Enables legacy card adapters

ExpressCard Standard Form Factors – 34mm 75 mm 34 mm 5 mm thick top bottom securitynotch finger grip connectoralignmentfeature ExpressCard|34

ExpressCard Standard Form Factors – 54mm 75 mm 34 mm 5 mm thick top 54 mm 53 mm ExpressCard|54

Building A Slot Slot for 34mm card only Top Cover Host Connector Left Guide Rail Right Guide Rail Host/Daughter Card Combo slot for both cards Top Cover Host Connector Left Guide Rail Right Guide Rail PCB Insulator Host/Daughter Card

ExpressCard Adapter Concepts Power from system PSU PCI Express Cable USB Cable Tray Adapter Integrated Mezzanine Adapter System Bus Add-In Adapter

ExpressCard Form Factor Versus CardBus Form Factor 55% of the volume of a CardBus Type II card

ExpressCard Extended Form Factors

ExpressCard Thermal Power Limits ExpressCard|34 ExpressCard| Watts 2.1 Watts

ExpressCard Connector Sub-System Beam-on-blade, single in-line configuration Beam-on-blade, single in-line configuration Low-cost yet reliable and durable Low-cost yet reliable and durable 5K / 10K cycle rating for card connectors 5K / 10K cycle rating for card connectors 5K cycle rating for host connectors 5K cycle rating for host connectors system board host connector card

Legacy Operating Systems Implementation Guidelines

ACPI Up-stream Port Logic Hot-Plug Event Detector PCI Express Port ExpressCard Under Windows 2000 And Windows XP BIOS has enabled the port logic to generate an SCI through a GPIO register bit… GPIO  SCI Insertion Event PCI Enumerator 1 ExpressCard|34 An ExpressCard is inserted… 2 Up-stream port detects Insertion Event… 3 An SCI occurs… 4 That ACPI fields and directs to the Insertion event handler… 5 That starts the OS PCI enumerator…6 That enumerates the card… 7

Support Specifications

Call To Action System vendors – System vendors – Prepare your roadmap now for ExpressCard implementations Prepare your roadmap now for ExpressCard implementations Choose your chipsets Choose your chipsets Test your ACPI solutions Test your ACPI solutions Prepare for Windows operating system codename “Longhorn” Prepare for Windows operating system codename “Longhorn” Join PCMCIA and participate! Join PCMCIA and participate! Module vendors Module vendors CardBus and PC Cards – choose your migration path CardBus and PC Cards – choose your migration path New technologies – PCI Express, USB or both? New technologies – PCI Express, USB or both? Join PCMCIA and participate! Join PCMCIA and participate!

ExpressCard Resources The following PCMCIA ExpressCard specifications may be purchased if not a PCMCIA member at ExpressCard Standard Release 1.0 ExpressCard Standard Release 1.0 ExpressCard Implementation Guidelines Release 1.0 ExpressCard Implementation Guidelines Release 1.0 ExpressCard Internal Cable Specifications Release 1.0 ExpressCard Internal Cable Specifications Release 1.0 The following compliance documents are available through PCMCIA The following compliance documents are available through PCMCIA ExpressCard Compliance Checklists Release 1.0 ExpressCard Compliance Checklists Release 1.0 ExpressCard Interoperability Checklists Release 1.0 ExpressCard Interoperability Checklists Release 1.0 The following relevant specifications are available PCI-SIG members may obtain the PCI Express specification at PCI-SIG members may obtain the PCI Express specification at PCI Express Base Specification Release 1.0a PCI Express Base Specification Release 1.0a USB members may obtain the specification at USB members may obtain the specification at Universal Serial Bus Specification Release 2.0 Universal Serial Bus Specification Release 2.0

Community Resources Community Sites Community Sites List of Newsgroups List of Newsgroups us/default.aspx us/default.aspx us/default.aspx us/default.aspx Attend a free chat or webcast Attend a free chat or webcast Locate a local user group(s) Locate a local user group(s) Non-Microsoft Community Sites Non-Microsoft Community Sites

Additional Resources pcmcia.org pcmcia.org Related Sessions: Related Sessions: TW04047 – PCI Express – How to Build Systems TW04047 – PCI Express – How to Build Systems TW04091 – Implementing PCI Express on the current Windows Operating Systems TW04091 – Implementing PCI Express on the current Windows Operating Systems TW04092 – PCI Express and Windows “Longhorn” TW04092 – PCI Express and Windows “Longhorn”