CELLS

Cell Parts and Their Functions  Nucleus-“control center” - controls the cell’s activities; contains DNA in Chromosomes  Cell Membrane- “gatekeeper”- surrounds the cell and regulates what goes in and out of the cell  Cell Wall-in plant cells, protects and supports the cell,  Mitochondria- “powerhouse” – uses oxygen to convert energy stored in food into energy the cell can use – found in both Plant and Animal cells

Cell Parts and Their Functions  Vacuoles – “storage sacks” – stores food, water and wastes; larger in plant cells (sometimes just one large vacuole in plant cells)  Chloroplasts- “Food Factories” – Uses sunlight energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose (food) in plant cells. Oxygen is a waste product.  Cytoplasm – jellylike substance that fills the cell between the membrane and the nucleus; cell organelles are here.

Comparing Animal Cells and Plant Cells  Plant cells have  chloroplasts,  cell walls, and  often just 1 large vacuole  Boxish shape  Animal cells  No chloroplasts  No cell walls.  They have several small vacuoles.  Irregular shape

Comparing Mitochondria and Chloroplasts Mitochondria - “Powerhouses”  Uses oxygen to convert energy stored in glucose (food) into energy (ATP) that the cell needs to function in a process called respiration.  Found in both plant and animal cells.  Water and carbon dioxide are given off as waste products.

Comparing Mitochondria and Chloroplasts Chloroplasts - “Food Factories”  Uses sunlight energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose (food) that the cell can use in a process called photosynthesis.  Found only in plant cells.  Oxygen is given off as a waste product.

Raw Materials and Products of Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration  Photosynthesis  Occurs in Chloroplasts of ONLY Plant Cells  Raw materials: carbon dioxide and water  Products: glucose (sugar-food) and oxygen  Energy Source: sunlight  6CO 2 + 6H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2  (Cellular) Respiration  Occurs in Mitochondria of ALL cells  Raw materials: oxygen and glucose  Products: carbon dioxide and water  Energy Produced: ATP-energy the cell can use  C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + “ENERGY”