3.1 Cell Theory KEY CONCEPT Cells are the Basic unit of life.

3.1 Cell Theory Listen to the music What is the song about? Who is listed in the song? What did each man do? What are the parts of the cell theory?

3.1 Cell Theory Many scientists contributed to the cell theory. ScientistTheory Hooke Identified cells through a microscope; responsible for the name cell Leeuwenhoek Observed living cells from pond water; made better lenses for microscope SchleidenFirst to view PLANT cells Schwann First to view ANIMAL cells; concluded all living things are made of cells VirchowAll cells come from other cells

3.1 Cell Theory The cell theory grew out of the work of many scientists and improvements in the microscope. Many scientists contributed to the cell theory. More was learned about cells as microscopes improved. The cell theory is a unifying concept of biology.

3.1 Cell Theory Early studies led to the development of the cell theory. The Cell theory has three principles. –All organisms are made of cells.

3.1 Cell Theory Early studies led to the development of the cell theory. The Cell theory has three principles. –All organisms are made of cells. –All existing cells are produced by other living cells.

3.1 Cell Theory Early studies led to the development of the cell theory. The Cell theory has three principles. – –All organisms are made of cells. – –All existing cells are produced by other living cells. – –The cell is the most basic unit of life.

3.1 Cell Theory There are two cell types: eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells.

3.1 Cell Theory Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and most internal structures of eukaryotic cells. But…. All cells share certain characteristics.

3.1 Cell Theory Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and most internal structures of eukaryotic cells. All cells share certain characteristics. – –Cells tend to be microscopic. Bacterium (colored SEM; magnification 8800x)

3.1 Cell Theory Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and most internal structures of eukaryotic cells. All cells share certain characteristics. – –Cells tend to be microscopic. – –All cells are enclosed by a membrane. Bacterium (colored SEM; magnification 8800x) cell membrane

3.1 Cell Theory Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and most internal structures of eukaryotic cells. All cells share certain characteristics. – –Cells tend to be microscopic. – –All cells are enclosed by a membrane. – –All cells are filled with cytoplasm. Bacterium (colored SEM; magnification 8800x) cell membrane cytoplasm

3.1 Cell Theory There are two cell types: eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells. Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus. nucleus cell membrane

3.1 Cell Theory There are two cell types: eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells. Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus. Prokaryotic cells do not have membrane- bound organelles. nucleus cell membrane organelles

3.1 Cell Theory There are two cell types: eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells. Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus. nucleus cell membrane organelles

3.1 Cell Theory There are two cell types: eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells. Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus. Prokaryotic cells do not have membrane-bound organelles. nucleus cell membrane organelles cytoplasm

3.2 Cell Organelles KEY CONCEPT Eukaryotic cells share many similarities.

3.2 Cell Organelles Cells have an internal structure.

3.2 Cell Organelles Cells have an internal structure. The cytoskeleton has many functions.

3.2 Cell Organelles Cells have an internal structure. The cytoskeleton has many functions. – –supports and shapes cell

3.2 Cell Organelles Cells have an internal structure. The cytoskeleton has many functions. – –supports and shapes cell – –helps position and transport organelles

3.2 Cell Organelles Cells have an internal structure. The cytoskeleton has many functions. – –supports and shapes cell – –helps position and transport organelles – –provides strength

3.2 Cell Organelles Cells have an internal structure. The cytoskeleton has many functions. – –supports and shapes cell – –helps position and transport organelles – –provides strength – –assists in cell division

3.2 Cell Organelles Cells have an internal structure. The cytoskeleton has many functions. – –supports and shapes cell – –helps position and transport organelles – –provides strength – –assists in cell division – –aids in cell movement

3.2 Cell Organelles Several organelles are involved in making and processing proteins.

3.2 Cell Organelles Several organelles are involved in making and processing proteins. The nucleus stores genetic information.

3.2 Cell Organelles Several organelles are involved in making and processing proteins. The nucleus stores genetic information. Many processes occur in the endoplasmic reticulum.

3.2 Cell Organelles Several organelles are involved in making and processing proteins. The nucleus stores genetic information. Many processes occur in the endoplasmic reticulum. There are two types of endoplasmic reticulum.

3.2 Cell Organelles Several organelles are involved in making and processing proteins. The nucleus stores genetic information. Many processes occur in the endoplasmic reticulum. There are two types of endoplasmic reticulum. – –rough endoplasmic reticulum

3.2 Cell Organelles Several organelles are involved in making and processing proteins. The nucleus stores genetic information. Many processes occur in the endoplasmic reticulum. There are two types of endoplasmic reticulum. – –rough endoplasmic reticulum – –smooth endoplasmic reticulum

3.2 Cell Organelles Several organelles are involved in making and processing proteins. (continued)

3.2 Cell Organelles Several organelles are involved in making and processing proteins. (continued) Ribosomes link amino acids to form proteins.

3.2 Cell Organelles Several organelles are involved in making and processing proteins. (continued) Ribosomes link amino acids to form proteins. Vesicles are membrane-bound sacs that hold materials.

3.2 Cell Organelles Other organelles have various functions.

3.2 Cell Organelles Other organelles have various functions. Mitochondria supply energy to the cell.

3.2 Cell Organelles Other organelles have various functions. Mitochondria supply energy to the cell. Vacuoles are fluid-filled sacs that hold materials.

3.2 Cell Organelles Other organelles have various functions. Mitochondria supply energy to the cell. Vacuoles are fluid-filled sacs that hold materials. Lysosomes contain enzymes to digest material.

3.2 Cell Organelles Other organelles have various functions. Mitochondria supply energy to the cell. Vacuoles are fluid-filled sacs that hold materials. Lysosomes contain enzymes to digest material. Centrioles are tubes found in the centrosomes.

3.2 Cell Organelles Other organelles have various functions. Mitochondria supply energy to the cell. Vacuoles are fluid-filled sacs that hold materials. Lysosomes contain enzymes to digest material. Centrioles are tubes found in the centrosomes. – –Centrioles help divide DNA.

3.2 Cell Organelles Other organelles have various functions. Mitochondria supply energy to the cell. Vacuoles are fluid-filled sacs that hold materials. Lysosomes contain enzymes to digest material. Centrioles are tubes found in the centrosomes. – –Centrioles help divide DNA. – –Centrioles form cilia and flagella.

3.2 Cell Organelles Plant cells have cell walls and chloroplasts.

3.2 Cell Organelles Plant cells have cell walls and chloroplasts. A cell wall provides rigid support.

3.2 Cell Organelles Plant cells have cell walls and chloroplasts. A cell wall provides rigid support. Chloroplasts convert solar energy to chemical energy.