The Cell

Principles of the Cell Theory: 1. All living things are made of cells. 2. Cells carry out the functions needed for life. 3. Cells come only from other liing cells.

Prokaryote vs Eurkaryote Prokaryotes – No nucleus – DNA in the cytoplasm – Examples Archaea Bacteria Eukaryotes – Have a Nucleus – DNA in the Nucleus – Examples: Animals Protists Fungi Plants

Cell Organelles: Tiny, membrane-bound structures that perform functions inside the cell

Go to Section: Animal Cell Nucleus Nucleolus Cell Membrane Cytoplasm

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function 1.Nucleus –Nickname: “The Control Center” –Function: holds the DNA –Parts: Chromatin: strands that contain genetic material Nucleolus: dark spot in the middle of the nucleus that helps make ribosomes –Plant and animal cells

Go to Section: Animal Cell Nucleus Nucleolus Ribosomes Cell Membrane Cytoplasm

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function 2.Ribosomes –Function: makes proteins –Found in all cells, prokaryotic and eukaryotic –Located: Cytoplasm

Go to Section: Animal Cell Nucleus Nucleolus Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Cell Membrane Cytoplasm Ribosomes

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function 3.Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) –Nickname: “Roads” –Function: The internal delivery system of the cell –Located: Cytoplasm –Plant and animal cells

Section 7-2 Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Go to Section: Animal Cell Nucleus Nucleolus Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Ribosomes Golgi Complex Cell Membrane Cytoplasm

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function 4.Golgi Complex –Nickname: The shippers –Function: packages, modifies, and transports materials to different location inside/outside of the cell –Appearance: stack of pancakes –Located: Cytoplasm –Plant and animal cells

Section 7-2 Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Go to Section: Animal Cell Nucleus Nucleolus Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Ribosomes Golgi Bodies Cell Membrane Cytoplasm

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function 5.Lysosomes: circular, but bigger than ribosomes) –Nickname: “Clean-up Crews” –Function: to break down food into particles the rest of the cell can use and to destroy old cells –Located: Cytoplasm –Plant and animal cells

Section 7-2 Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Animal Cell Nucleus Nucleolus Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Ribosomes Golgi Bodies Mitochondria Cell Membrane Cytoplasm

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function 6.Mitochondria –Nickname: “The Powerhouse” –Function: Energy formation Breaks down food to make ATP –ATP: is the major fuel for all cell activities that require energy –Located: Cytoplasm –Plant and animal cells

Section 7-2 Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Go to Section: Plant Cell Cell Membrane Vacuole

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function 7.Vacuoles –Function: Plant Cells –Very large –stores water –This is what makes lettuce crisp »When there is no water, the plant wilts Animal Cells –Smaller than in plant cells –Stores/releases waste products –used in cellular digestion –Located: Cytoplasm

Section 7-2 Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Go to Section: Plant Cell Cell Membrane Vacuole Chloroplasts

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function 8.Chloroplasts –Function: traps energy from the sun to produce food for the plant cell –Located: Cytoplasm –Green in color because of chlorophyll, which is a green pigment –Plant cells

Chloroplasts

Section 7-2 Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Go to Section: Plant Cell Cell Membrane Vacuole Chloroplasts Cell Wall

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function 9.Cell Wall –Function: provides support and protection to the cell membrane –Located: Found outside the cell membrane in plant cells

Plant Cell Cell Membrane Vacuole Chloroplasts Cell Wall Nucleolus Nucleus Rough ER Smooth ER Golgi Bodies Mitochondria Ribosomes Cytoplasm

Animal Cells vs. Plant Cells