State of the Art of Contaminated Runways Work at Airbus October 20133rd International Winter Operations Conference Presented by Logan JONES – Aircraft Performance Certification

© AIRBUS Operations S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. Agenda October 20133rd International Winter Operations Conference Page 2

© AIRBUS Operations S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. October 20133rd International Winter Operations Conference Page 3

© AIRBUS Operations S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. Page 4 A Case Study : Landing on a “Wet” Runway Example A380 Flight Test Analysis at Brest Airport 3mm Page 4 October 20133rd International Winter Operations Conference

© AIRBUS Operations S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. October 20133rd International Winter Operations Conference Page 5

© AIRBUS Operations S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. Understanding the Parts, Understanding their Interaction October 20133rd International Winter Operations Conference Page 6

© AIRBUS Operations S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. Understanding the Parts, Understanding their Interaction October 20133rd International Winter Operations Conference Page 7 The Tire and the Rubber it’s made from

© AIRBUS Operations S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. An Aircraft Tire… (a typical widebody aircraft) October 20133rd International Winter Operations Conference Page 8 Size 1.4 m in diameter (4ft 7in)0.5m in diameter (1.5ft) Pressure 17 bar (217 psi)2.5 bar (35 psi) Speed Rating 204 kt (235 mph)130kt (149 mph) Load Rating 34,000 kg (74,950 lb)615 kg (1356 lb )

© AIRBUS Operations S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. What’s in a Tire? New aircraft tires are Radial construction October 20133rd International Winter Operations Conference Page 9 Tire Stiffness Rubber Tread

© AIRBUS Operations S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. Research – looking into Rubber Rubber is a polymer Which means its characteristics change significantly with temperature and frequency October 20133rd International Winter Operations Conference Page 10

© AIRBUS Operations S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. Understanding the Parts, Understanding their Interaction October 20133rd International Winter Operations Conference Page 11

© AIRBUS Operations S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. Runway Texture October 20133rd International Winter Operations Conference Page 12

© AIRBUS Operations S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. October 20133rd International Winter Operations Conference Page 13

© AIRBUS Operations S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. Understanding the Parts, Understanding their Interaction October 20133rd International Winter Operations Conference Page 14

© AIRBUS Operations S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. What’s the Anti-Skid Doing? October 20133rd International Winter Operations Conference Page 15 Friction Slip Ratio (analagous to the amount of braking

© AIRBUS Operations S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. October 20133rd International Winter Operations Conference Page 16

© AIRBUS Operations S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. October 20133rd International Winter Operations Conference Page 17

© AIRBUS Operations S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. October 20133rd International Winter Operations Conference Page 18

© AIRBUS Operations S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. What Have We Learned So Far? Aircraft Tires are Complicated Add to that the interaction with the runway, runway texture, temperature effect, runway contamination.. But, although we aren’t at the level of fully coupled modeling, we are understanding trends: Tire Construction Differences Temperature Effect Speed Effect Runway Texture Effect Runway Contamination And as we understand the trends we can incorporate this knowledge into a dynamic model October 20133rd International Winter Operations Conference Page 19

© AIRBUS Operations S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. What Have We Learned So Far? October 20133rd International Winter Operations Conference Page 20

© AIRBUS Operations S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. Agenda October 20133rd International Winter Operations Conference Page 21

© AIRBUS Operations S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. October 20133rd International Winter Operations Conference Page 22

© AIRBUS Operations S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. October 20133rd International Winter Operations Conference Page 23 Airbus strongly supported FAA and TALPA ARC Airbus has proactively introduced from September 2012 these in-flight landing distances in the paper and e-tools for all FBW models even before FAA regulatory process. In-Flight Landing Distance assessment

© AIRBUS Operations S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. October 20133rd International Winter Operations Conference In-Flight Landing Distance assessment: Airbus proposal Page 24 Not only Airbus strongly supported FAA and TALPA ARC, but Airbus proactively introduced from September 2012 these in-flight landing distances in his paper and e-tools for all FBW models even before FAA regulatory process.

© AIRBUS Operations S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. October 20133rd International Winter Operations Conference In-Flight Landing Distance assessment: Airbus proposal Page 25 Not only Airbus strongly supported FAA and TALPA ARC, but Airbus proactively introduced from September 2012 these in-flight landing distances in his paper and e-tools for all FBW models even before FAA regulatory process.

© AIRBUS Operations S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. October 20133rd International Winter Operations Conference Page 26

© AIRBUS Operations S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. Runway Overrun Prevention System Design principles A technology designed to monitor continuously total energy and aircraft landing performance vs. runway end, from short final up to aircraft stop  Have I right now enough meters in front of me to stop safely my aircraft before the end of the runway? A true guidance to assist the crew in:  The go-around decision making process  The timely application of on-ground retardation means: reversers, braking ROPS Briefing to AEA - October

© AIRBUS Operations S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. October 20133rd International Winter Operations Conference Page ft

© AIRBUS Operations S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. Upcoming for the A 350 BTV-ROPS will cover contaminated runways Introduction of a means for pilot to input Runway State information into BTV-ROPS:  Allows to actively protect performance defined runway states and trigger red alerts when necessary  Allows optimisation of BTV-ROPS protection. October 20133rd International Winter Operations Conference Page 29

© AIRBUS Operations S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. In the Cockpit October 20133rd International Winter Operations Conference Page 30

© AIRBUS Operations S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. Feedback from In-Air down to Ground Above 500ft Feedback about Runway Length and Chosen Exit Below 500ft System actively monitoring real-time parameters Predicted Stop Distance updated as a function of current aircraft energy ROW alerts if landing distance not sufficient to stop RWY TOO SHORT Rollout Continuous monitoring of aircraft energy and runway end ROP Alerts if aircraft predicted stop point is longer than runway end Max Braking & Max Reverse October 20133rd International Winter Operations Conference Page 31

© AIRBUS Operations S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. October 20133rd International Winter Operations Conference Page 32

© AIRBUS Operations S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. Uncertain Environmental information: runway condition October 20133rd International Winter Operations Conference Page 33 Today, runway condition information is provided:  By airports using visual inspections, and estimated surface friction obtained from ground vehicles: - Both require runway closures up to 30min - Non consistency between Estimated surface friction and A/C friction and therefore A/C performance (except on some specific contaminants and conditions) - Runway condition information may be sometimes difficult to translate into one clear performance category, or not updated, or even misleading - Runway condition information may be sometimes absent (standing water) - Estimated surface friction is increasingly advised against for fluid contaminants (as snow and slush) due to random and misleading results

© AIRBUS Operations S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. October 20133rd International Winter Operations Conference Page 34 Today, runway condition information is provided (cont):  By pilots, mostly North-American, via PIREPs of Braking Action: - Such reports are subjective - Most non North American pilots will not perform a PIREP of BA Uncertain Environmental information: runway condition

© AIRBUS Operations S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. Runway condition reporting: Airbus proposal October 20133rd International Winter Operations Conference Page 35 Supported by 3 recommendations issued by NTSB and AAIB (1982, 2005, 2006) to develop onboard solutions Airbus’ pro-active answer: use the aircraft as best possible runway condition assessment means COntaminated Runway State Automatic Identification and Reporting = CORSAIR Airbus’ pro-active answer: use the aircraft as best possible runway condition assessment means COntaminated Runway State Automatic Identification and Reporting = CORSAIR

© AIRBUS Operations S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. CORSAIR High Level Operational Concept October 20133rd International Winter Operations Conference Page CORSAIR runway Braking Action objective assessment 2. Pilot validity cross check from subjective deceleration feeling. 3bis. Automatic reporting to tower via TBD broadcasting means 4. Tower report to incoming aircraft 5. Incoming aircraft to use report of Braking Action for Landing Performance evaluation 3. Pilot reporting to tower via radio Only if lower than Airport RWY condition RWY condition reporting in TALPA- ARC standard + detailed information RWY condition reporting in TALPA- ARC standard

© AIRBUS Operations S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. Runway condition reporting: Airbus CORSAIR proposal On-board function that delivers an objective Braking Action experienced during Landing Roll: to complement existing subjective PIREP of Braking Action, or to provide (for the rest of the world pilots) objective Braking Action. Based on certified Airplane Flight Manual models and real-time performance analysis Fully consistent with incoming FAA TALPA-ARC standards October 2013 Page 37 3rd International Winter Operations Conference

© AIRBUS Operations S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. Where are we now? Thousands of operational flights analyzed in post-flight Initial flight tests of CORSAIR prototype end of 2012 on A320 Then first initial operational trials during winter season with an interested major airline More operational trials during winter season for more airline pilots feed-back October 20133rd International Winter Operations Conference Page 38

© AIRBUS Operations S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. Agenda October 20133rd International Winter Operations Conference Page 39

© AIRBUS Operations S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. Wrap-Up and Way Forward Airbus is approaching Contaminated Runways in two ways: 1. Theoretical Side Trying to Better Understand at a local level, what affects the tire- runway friction 2. Practical Side Provide tools to the pilot and to the airport that can improve winter operations today using the best information available. October 20133rd International Winter Operations Conference Page 40

© AIRBUS Operations S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. October 20133rd International Winter Operations Conference Page 41

© AIRBUS Operations S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. October 20133rd International Winter Operations Conference © AIRBUS Operations S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. This document and all information contained herein is the sole property of AIRBUS Operations S.A.S. No intellectual property rights are granted by the delivery of this document or the disclosure of its content. This document shall not be reproduced or disclosed to a third party without the express written consent of AIRBUS Operations S.A.S. This document and its content shall not be used for any purpose other than that for which it is supplied. The statements made herein do not constitute an offer. They are based on the mentioned assumptions and are expressed in good faith. Where the supporting grounds for these statements are not shown, AIRBUS Operations S.A.S. will be pleased to explain the basis thereof. AIRBUS, its logo, A300, A310, A318, A319, A320, A321, A330, A340, A350, A380, A400M are registered trademarks. Page 42