MENTAL HEALTH Lindsay Fisher Carrie Gadsden Giuseppe Francioni Janille Green Latoshia Greeley Jeri Hatcher Joseph Duren Lopez

ASSEMENT DATA: TARGET POPULATION & LOCATION  Estimated 26.2% Americans 18 years and older suffer from a diagnosed mental disorder  57.7 million people according to 2004 US Census  Battle of the sexes  Women: Mostly likely diagnosed with anxiety or depression  Men: Tend toward substance abuse or antisocial disorders  Historical Adversity:  slavery, sharecropping and race-based exclusion from health, educational, social and economic resources  translates into socioeconomic disparities experienced by African Americans today  Socioeconomic Status:  People who are impoverished, homeless, incarcerated or have substance abuse problems are at higher risk for poor mental health

IDENTIFICATION (ASSESSMENT)  Mental Illness can lead to self harm  Stigma:  A negative attitude on mental health towards  Government spending  Group identification  If left untreated can cause emotional and physical harm  Fatigue, Lack of Sleep, Chronic Pain  Mental Health needs serious attention  Mental Illness does not discriminate and can affect anyone  Can be born with from genetics or developed through depression or traumatic event. 1/5 Children suffer from mental illness 3 rd leading cause of death is suicide as a result to mental health Unable to concentrate for long periods of time (school) Lack of social skills, eating habits, motor habits, sleeping Experience mood swings and possible risky behavior. Common Mental Illnesses in Adults -Bipolar - Major Depression - Anxiety Suicide is the 10 th leading cause of death in adults Women are more likely to use help provided Native Americans and Alaska Natives have the highest Mental health issues.

IMPACT OF MENTAL HEALTH  If left untreated those with Mental Illnesses can develop worse problems such as…  ADHD  Anxiety Disorders  Autism  Bipolar Disorder  Borderline Personality  Depression  The impact of a mental health issue can be fatal to ones life experiencing such.  It may have an impact on many factors of life such as education, careers, relationships and personal happiness and worth. Dissociative Disorder Eating Disorders OCD PTSD Schizoaffective Disorder Schizophrenia

RISK FACTORS  The following are risks that can lead to Mental Health Issues  Inequalities in hospital environment, employment, income, and education opportunities.  Race:  Privileges are seen more in Whites as opposed to Hispanic or African American ethnicities  African Americans suffer lower rates of most major mental health disorders  African Americans suffer physical poor health as a result suffer from mental health more than whites  Confronted with stressful conditions such as crime, poverty, or poor housing  Furthermore risk unhealthy behaviors such as alcohol and substance abuse.

DEMOGRAPHIC INFORMATION  The most common demographic for mental health diseases is found in adults of all ages.  Cases developed throughout early years  Rise prevalence until age 50 and then drops  Race and Gender are strong factors as well  Approximately 6% of U.S. adults will have a mental disorder in a year  Racial and ethnical communities tend to receive less care  Minorities are also less likely to seek help  Most frequent occurring disorder is Depression

ADDRESSING THE ISSUE  Mental health- care is a multibillion-dollar industry  Helpful but not 100% accomplishing  U.S. spends $113 billion on treatments  5.6% of nationals health-care spending  Treatments are a growing support  However availability is very low  40% - 50% of those with mental disorders receive treatments  Only a fraction of that receive quality treatment  Anxiety Disorders Association of America (ADDA)  Depression and Bipolar Support Alliance  Freedom from Fear

SPECIFIC ACTIONS  TREATMENTS  Behavioral therapy  · Psychotherapy  · Psychotherapeutic medications  · Cognitive–behavior therapy  Medication  · Antidepressants  · Mood-stabilizing medications  · Anti-anxiety drugs  · Antipsychotic drugs  Intervention  · Deinstitutionalization  Organizations Addressing Mental Illness  · National Alliance on Mental Illness

EXISTING POLICIES  Policies are created to prevent and treat mental illnesses  Created also to rehabilitate individuals with mental disorders  Policies have been set in order to create standards  Such standards help facilitate and organize institutions of treatment to offer the right targeted help.  The public action is to promote federal initiatives and financial resources to ensure help.  Funding is key to reach out both local and national needs  In order to ensure policies is to make action of the plan in place

POLICY DEVELOPMENT . Assisted outpatient treatment policies . Policies that support the individual needs and are safe .Non discrimination of services regardless of age gender sexual orientation ethnic group social cultures or religion background. (Plumb 1999) . Provide full mental health coverage to employees. Most employers do not provide a sufficient amount for mental health coverage. (National Underwriter 2001). .Disability living Allowance should not be based on income or because individuals live in residential care homes.( Callanan 2011)

STAKEHOLDERS AND POTENTIAL FACILITATORS  There have been no bills or policies passed in recent years  Has not helped the growing issue  National Alliance of Mental Illness (NAMI)  Nations largest organization representing mental illness  Engaged in education and advocacy on many different disorders  Strongly addresses the US House of Representatives with bills and acts for improvement  “Helping Families In Mental Health Crisis Act” – Murphy House  Focuses on programs and resources on psychiatric care for patients and families most in need of services  Makes treatment more available

ESSENTIAL SERVICES  Format of assessment: (Screening)  Interviews: Written and Verbal  Observation: Checklist  New Policies Assurance  Must approve by the Ministry of Health must approve  Governmental backing and Funding  Developing organization to implement these policies  Educating National Institute of Mental Health Government funded Institute  Government agencies that Educate  Case managers  Social workers

REFERENCES  "Any Mental Illness (AMI) Among Adults." National Institute of Mental Health. USA.gov, n.d. Web. 25 Oct  Child and Adolescent Mental Health. (n.d.). Retrieved October 26, ( health/index.shtml)  Friis, R. H., Bell, N. M., & Philibert, B. (2013). Community and Public Health. San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education, Inc.  Jackson J S, Knight KM, Rafferty JA, (May 2010). Race and Unhealthy behaviors; chronic stress, the HPA axis, and physical and mental health disparities over the life course. American Journal of Public Health 100 (5): (7p)  McSween, J. L. (2002). The role of group interest, identity, and stigma in determining mental health policy preferences. Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law, 27(5), Retrieved from  Mental Health By the Numbers. (n.d.). Retrieved October 26, (  "Mental Health Conditions." NAMI: National Alliance on Mental Illness. NAMI, n.d. Web. 25 Oct  “Mental Health: Culture, Race and Ethnicity Supplement” to the 1999 U.S. Surgeon General’s Report on Mental Health).  WHO c9.1https://content.ashford.edu/books/AUHCA /sections/se

 Friis, R. H., Bell, N. M., & Philibert, B. (2013). Community and Public Health. San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education, Inc.  National Council for Behavioral Health. States Association of Addiction Services. (2015). Retrieved from  World Health Organization. (2001). Mental Health Policy Project. Policy and Service Guidance Package. Retrieved from  %20Act.Dec% pdf    

APPLYING THE 10 ESSENTIAL SERVICES OF PUBLIC HEALTH  Link people to needed personal health services and assure the provision of health when otherwise unavailable  Provide disadvantaged populations into a clinical care system. Culturally based materials and employees to make sure services are being linked to a unique group population. Continuing of ongoing care. Support for populations in need of government services. Assistance with effective with disease prevention programs. Health information should be provided to people or groups who are a high risk. Transportation services should be provided. Individual specific treatment.

ASSESSMENT RESEARCH  Target population: - Spread evenly through ages (some more susceptible) - More known as life stages (children and adolescents, adults, and older adults) - Not location specific but some disorders are dominate in regions  Identification: - Dependent on disorder - Common disorders = anxiety disorders, bipolar disorder, eating disorders, suicide, schizophrenia, and depression - All disorders have different levels  Risk factors: - Associated by inherent/genetic predisposition, environmental toxins, and stress levels  Essential Services:  Monitor Health  Diagnose and Investigate

POLICY  Federal government have a limited role  Responsibilities: research, practice, leadership, ad funding.  “Mental health policies describe the values, objectives and strategies of the government to reduce the mental health burden and to improve mental health” (WHO, 2001).  Prevention  Treatment  Rehabilitation

ASSURANCE  Results of: An extensive consultation process. A review of quality frameworks in health systems in other countries. A review of international principles for healthcare standards. Professional liaison with international experts in the fields of healthcare quality and mental health care services.  Need:  Commitment from stakeholders  Appropriate resources  Budgets  Effective planning  Strong Leadership  The mental health services is accessible to the community.  Families, parents and careers are empowered as team members receiving information, advice and support as appropriate.

RESOURCES  Friis, R. H., Bell, N. M., & Philibert, B. (2013). Community and Public Health. San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education, Inc.  National Council for Behavioral Health. States Association of Addiction Services. (2015). Retrieved from  US National Library of Medicine. National Institutes of Health. Mental health policy development in the States: the piecemeal nature of transformational change. (2009).  World Health Organization. (2001). Mental Health Policy Project. Policy and Service Guidance Package. Retrieved from  Lambert, M.T. (2002). Linking Mental Health and Addiction Services: A continuity of care Team Model. Journal of Behavioral Health Services & Research 29(4), 433  Mental Health Commission.gov/2014  Transforming Mental Health Care: Starting with Change Around the Edges (2015). Nursing Economics$, 33(5) p.  Sharing a Playbook: Integrated Care in Community Health Centers in the United States. (2015). American Journal of Public Health. 105(10), p. doi /AJPH    health-problems  