REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM DISORDERS

Male infertility Causes:  low sperm count  damage to testes  decreased hormone  decreased mobility of sperm  abnormally shaped sperm  cryptorchidism  undescended testicles  epididymitis  caused by infection or by the sexually transmitted disease chlamydia  bacteria in the urinary tract – produces scar tissue which blocks sperm  testicular torsion  spermatic cord gets twisted; most often found in young males  testicular cancer  variocele  swelling of vein that drains the testicle  will keep testicles from cooling sufficiently  Nutrition (malnutrition or obesity)  smoking, substance abuse  emotional stress

Male disorders male pattern baldness ◦genetic ◦response to hormones at puberty ◦decrease of hair follicles at top of the head prostate cancer o can be treated with surgery, radiation, chemo, monitoring o 29% of all cancers in males erectile dysfunction o failure to achieve erection o decreased testosterone o treat with medications that increase blood flow

Female infertility damage to fallopian tubes decreased hormone production low quantity / quality of oocytes endometriosis ◦endometrium moves into peritoneal cavity and attaches to organs ◦causes lesions, tumors, internal bleeding Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome ◦presence of ovarian cysts PID (pelvic inflammatory disease) ◦can cause scarring and closure of oviducts STD or UTI

Female disorders cervical cancer ◦detected with yearly pap smear breast cancer benign uterine tumors ◦composed of smooth muscle ◦fibroids ectopic pregnancy ◦implantation outside uterus ◦most common in oviduct (tubal pregnancy) ◦fatal to fetus

Sexually transmitted diseases gonorrhea ◦infects vagina and urethra ◦can lead to sterility in men ◦can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease in women genital herpes ◦herpes simplex 2 virus ◦can be passed to baby during childbirth syphilis ◦bacterial infection AIDS