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Representing information (data) as computer graphics.

Scientific Visualization: Scientific Data Engineering Visualization: Measurement Data Information Visualization: Abstract Data

Data Structures: How to store and retrieve data. For visualization: input data (to be visualized) and output data (graphics). Algorithms: How to process data efficiently. For visualization: converting input data into graphical data and display/print them.

Started from CFD (Computational Fluid Mechanics) in the 80s. Formalized as an research discipline in (NSF Report on Scientific Visualization).

Commonly in the form of a grid: data values are known on the grid nodes.

Visualizing data variation through out the volume of interest.

Local Trilinear Interpolation

4 Mapping data values to colors with a color map.

A color map.

4 Revealing data values inside the volume of interest.

4 Revealing data values on cutting planes.

4 Iso-surface: a surface of constant data values.

4 Iso-line: a line of constant data values.

Scalar: one value per data point Vector: 3 values per data point 3 Scalars Tensor: 9 values per data point 9 Scalars 3 Vectors

3 scalar values, (v x, v y, v z ) => direction and length

Warping: deformation of geometry according to a vector.

Displacement Plots: represent data values as the displacement of a surface in the direction perpendicular to the surface.

Streamlines: outlines of fluid flow

Stream-tubes: streamline + isosurface + color mapping

Three eigenvectors: V 1  V 2  V 3

W. Shroeder, K. Martin, & B. Lorensen The Visualization Toolkit - An Object-oriented Approach to 3D Graphics, 2nd ed.

Intelligent Monitoring Traffic Assembly Line

Data capturing Data analysis Data representation

Data capturing sensors, video cameras, tracking devices Data analysis video image processing is a challenge Data representation color coding (e.g. GIS – Geographical Information Systems, google map)

video image processing : computer vision : OpenCV ITK:

Measurement Data: Scattered Sparse

Scattered Data: sample points distributed unevenly and non-uniformly throughout the volume of interest. 4

T. Foley & A. D. Lane Visualization of Irregular Multivariate Data Proceedings of the First IEEE Conference on Visualization, San Francisco, CA, 1990

Scattered Data Interpolation Modeling Intermediate Grid Rendering Grid-based Rendered Volume

Information Visualization 4 Data abstract 4 Not interpolatable 4 Domain dependent 4 Visual Analytics (IA: Intelligence Amplification)

Information Visualization GapMinder Hans Rosling’s TED Talk:

Information Visualization Parallel Coordinates Visualizing high dimensional data using parallel vertical axes. Each axis represents one dimension. Each data point is drawn as a polyline connecting its attribute values on the axes. 4 Basic concepts:

Visualization in Art 4 New Media Art 4 Art work generated by computers 4 Interactive 4 Audience participation Examples:

Visualization Programming Tools For Scientific Visualization Visualization Toolkit (VTK) VTK Documentation VTK Online Visualization webvisualization.html

Visualization Programming Tools For Engineering Visualization Interpolation Overview Least squares in VTK ath/LeastSquares Solve Linear Systems in VTK html#e7

Visualization Programming Tools For Information Visualization 4 Google Visualization API ocs/reference Google Charts developers.appspot.com/chart/interactive/docs/g allery Other Google APIs

Visualization Programming Tools For Information Visualization 4 VTK Chart API 4 JavaScript charts for web & mobile Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF)

Parallel Coordinates Tools 4 Free software: Source code with demo: D PC: ag=1 ag=1 4

Data Source 4 Google Public Data Directory: Data in GapMinder World: Ask Dr. Xiao for the following data CT Scan Image Data Scattered Data Social Visualization Data Genomic Data

Visualization Overview Visualization Data Structures AlgorithmsBackgroundTerm projects Scientific3D Girds Marching Cubes/Voxel, Local Interpolations VTK 3D Printing Cloud GPU EngineeringScattered Global Interpolations Linear Algebra Matrix Inversion VTK Old and new interpolation methods GPU Cloud Abstract (Information) Not interpolatable Stored in tables. GapMinder Parallel Coordinates (2D,3D) WebGL.NET WPF Google API XDAT VTK Social Vis Genomic Vis Online Vis DB Vis

Summary 4 Visualization: Information/Data to Graphics 4 Current Techniques for Scientific Visualization 4 Examples of Engineering Visualization 4 Examples of Information Visualization 4 Visualization in Art 4 Visualization Programming Tools