Starter Complete the # 5-8 on page 4 of the sheet entitled, “Standardized Test Prep”. Answer all questions to the best of your ability. You may write on this sheet. When finished, turn your paper face down on your desk and wait patiently.

Starter 1.What are tides? 2.What astronomical body causes the greatest impact on tides? Why? 3.What causes waves to “break” on the shoreline? 4.Name 5 things we can measure for a wave?

 Turn in Starters for Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday

Objectives page 34 1.List the agents responsible for the movement of sediments along the shoreline. 2.Describe the processes that form shoreline features. 3.List the structures that can be built to protect a shoreline.

Hurricane Sandy (2012)

Aftermath of Hurricane Sandy (2012) ns/community/2012/918x851_ _sb4after2.jpg

Aftermath of Hurricane Sandy (2012) loking-nj.jpg?

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Aftermath of Hurricane Sandy (2012) and_after_aerial_photos_of_the_jersey_shore/index.html

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Aftermath of Typhoon Haiyan (2013)

Vocabulary (Index Cards) 221. Beach 222. Wave Refraction 223. Longshore Current 224. Barrier Islands

Shoreline Processes & Features  A beach is the accumulation of sediment found along the shore of a lake or ocean.  Composed of whatever sediment is locally available (beaches in Florida are composed of shell fragments)  Sediment that makes up the beach does not stay in one place  Waves that crash on the shoreline are constantly moving the sediments

Forces Acting on the Shoreline  Waves along the shoreline are constantly eroding, transporting, and depositing sediment.  Many types of Shoreline features result from this activity

Wave Impact  During calm weather, waves action is minimal.  During storms, waves can cause much erosion  Cracks occur in cliffs and structures because of water forcing its way into every opening.  Each breaking wave may hurl thousands of tons of water against the land, sometimes causing the ground to tremble

Abrasion  Abrasion  sawing and grinding action of fragments in the water  Intense in the surf zone  Stones can become smooth and rounded because of this action

Wave Refraction  Wave refraction  bending of waves  Important part in shoreline processes; influences erosion, transportation and deposition.  Leads to deposition of sediments and the formation of sandy beaches  Waves do not approach the shore straight on, but at a slight angle  Wave energy is concentrated against the sides and ends of headlands that project into the water

Longshore Transport  Longshore transport  currents flow parallel to the shore and move large amounts of sediment along the shore  Created by waves breaking at an angle

Shoreline Features  Erosional features  shoreline features that originate from the process of erosion  Depositional features  shoreline features that originate from the process of deposition

Erosional Features  Wave-cut cliffs & Platforms  As erosion continues, rocks that overhang the base of a cliff crumble into the surf, and the cliff retreats

Erosional Features  Sea arch  Forms when two caves on opposite sides of a headland unite  Sea stack  Forms when the sea arch falls in the water (isolated remnant)

Depositional Features  Spit  an elongated ridge of sand that projects from the land into the mouth of an adjacent bay

Spit

Depositional Features  Baymouth Bar  sandbar that completely crosses a bay, sealing it off from the open ocean.

Depositional Features  Tombolo  a ridge of sand that connects an island to the mainland or to another island

Depositional Features  Barrier Islands  narrow sandbars parallel to, but separated from the coast  Cape Hatteras

Stabilizing the Shore  Groins, breakwaters and seawalls are some structures built to protect a coast from erosion or to prevent the movement of sand along a beach  Beach nourishment is the addition of large quantities of sand to the beach system.  Can be expensive and harmful to marine life

Miami Beach Before Beach Renourishment After

Erosional/Depositional Foldable (page 33) On the inside of the foldable, include: Specific examples of each kind of shoreline feature Illustration of each example (7 total examples) General Description of Erosional Feature General Description of Depositional Feature Name: Describe how the feature Forms Illustrate/Draw

Assessment (page 100)

Post-Test (page 92) 1.What do longshore currents do? 2.By which processes do shoreline features form? 3.Name 3 examples of shoreline features formed by erosion. 4.How can beach nourishment be helpful? How can it be harmful? 5.Compare and contrast a tombolo and a barrier island.