디지털방송시스템 1.입력신호: 데이터율19.39Mbps MPEG-2 패킷데이터

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디지털방송시스템 1.입력신호: 데이터율19.39Mbps MPEG-2 패킷데이터 2.난수화기(randomizer) : 스펙트럼평탄화, 수신기오동작방지 3.RS 부호기: 채널에서발생한연집오류를수정하기위해부가데이터삽입 4.인터리버: 연집오류정정능력강화, 데이터시간순서바꾸어전송 5.TCM : 데이터율증가없이랜덤오류고치도록부호화2비트입력, 8-VSB 신 호출력(3비트상당) 6.동기정보: 심한잡음, 간섭하에서클럭획득, phase lock 유지위해세그먼트동기삽입 7.파일럿삽입: 심한잡음, 간섭하에서반송파복원가능토록NTSC천이영역에0.3 dB의톤삽입 8.VSB 변조기: 10.76..Msymbol/s 의8레벨TCM신호입력, 9.IF 주파수(44MHz)로변조 10.RF converter : IF 변조된신호를VHF/UHF 대역신호로변환 11.PA : Exciter의출력을받아최종RF출력까지증폭

지상파 디지털TV 방식별 비교 구분 미국(ATSC) 유럽(DVB-T) 일본(ISDB-T) 부호화 비디오 압축 방식 오디오 압축 MPEG-2 오디오 압축 Dolby AC-3 MPEG-2 BC MPEG-2 AAC 대역 6MHz (19.39Mbps) 8MHz (3.74~23.75Mbps) 6MHz (3.65~23.23Mbps) 전송포맷 MPEG-2 TS 전송 기술 전송방식 8-VSB COFDM BST-COFDM 변조방식 DQPSK, QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM 선택 DQPSK, QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM 선택 (세그먼트 단위로 선택 가능) 반송파 단일반송파 다중반송파 (2K(1,705개), 8K(6,817개)) 다중반송파 (세그먼트 수 13) 보호구간 각모드에서 1/4, 1/8, 1/16, 1/32 각 모드에서 1/4, 1/8, 1/16, 1/32 오류정정 리드솔로몬+ Trellis코딩(2/3) 리드솔로몬+ 컨벌루션 코딩 (1/2, 2/3, 3/4, 5/6, 7/8) 채널복구 시간 0.53초 1초이내 리드솔로몬 (FEC) t=10, r/s(207,187) t=8, r/s(204,188) t=18, r/s(204,188) 기타 임펄스 잡음 임계치 (193μsec) Mode1: 캐리어 1,405개 Mode2: 캐리어 2,809개 Mode3: 캐리어 4,992개

디지털방송 방식별 주요 규격 구분 방식명칭 압축규격(V/A) 전송규격 (변조방식) 기타 지상파 DTV 미국 유럽 일본 중국 ATSC MPEG-2/AC-3 8VSB 19.36Mbps 유럽 DVB-T MPEG-2/MPEG-2 BC COFDM QPSK,16/64QAM 3.74~23.75Mbps 일본 ISDB-T MPEG-2/MPEG-2 AAC BST-OFDM/ 3.65~23.23Mbps 중국 DMB-T/H 위성 DSS MPEG-2/MPEG-1레이어1,2 QPSK 고정, 20 DVB-S 규정 없음 ISDB-S BPSK/ TC8PSK 고정, 42 CATV Open Cable 16VSB/ 64/256QAM 64QAM 27Mbps 256QAM 39Mbps DVB-C 64QAM DAB (FM) IBOC PAC OFDM 144~160Kbps Eureka -147 MPEG-2/ MPEG-2 BC 0.8~1.7Mbps ISDB-TSB MPEG-2/ BST-OFDM 0.28~1,787Kbps (위성 System B 16~320Kbps/채널 System A MPEG-2 레이어2 16~38Kbps/채널 System E MPEG-2 AAC CDM(QPSK)

Data frame Data Frame 1 frame = 2 fields 1 field = 313 data segments 187 B 20 B 1 frame = 2 fields 1 field = 313 data segments 1 D.S = Seg. Sync. + 187 Byte payload + 20 Byte parity 1 packet = 188 Byte 1 Symbol = 2 bits * (3/2 trellis coding) The exact symbol rate is given by (1) Sr (MHz) = 4.5/286 x 684 = 10.76... MHz The frequency of a Data Segment is given by (2) fseg= Sr / 832 = 12.94...K Data Segments/s. The Data Frame rate is given by (3) fframe = fseg/626 = 20.66 ... frames/s. Pure payload rate is (4) 10.76 x 2 x 188/207 x 312/313 = 19.39...Mbps Data Frame

지상파 DTV의 송수신 시스템 8VSB 송신기 19.39...Mbps 8VSB 수신기

Reed Solomon encoder RS Encoder: RS(187,207) t = 10. 20 Byte의 RS Parity 인 Redundant 신호를 추가로 보냄. 20개의 방정식 ---> 20개 (위치 10개, 신호값 10개)의 unknown이 있어도 식을 풀수 있음 Reed-Solomon (207,187) t=10 parity generator polynomial.

E-VSB 송신기 구조 Optional Robust Mode Robust Mode Extra Data Field Sync Pre-equalizer filter RF UP- Converter VSB Modulator Trelis Encoder Pilot insertion MUX Segment Sync Field Sync Robust Mode Robust Mode Normal data MUX (PACKET) Reed- Solomon Encoder Data inter- leaver Data Randomizer Robust RS Reencoder Robust processor Robust pre processor Robust data

표준형 8-VSB와 E-VSB의 세그먼트 구조 Standard ATSC data segment pair 3Byte Header 20Byte RS Parity 188Byte Data Field Payload= 368Byte 3Byte Header 20Byte RS Parity 188Byte Data Field Enhanced data segment pair Containing additional error correction 3Byte Header 20Byte RS Parity 188Byte Data Field Payload= 164Byte 3Byte Header 20Byte RS Parity 20Byte RS Parity 72Byte Data Field

ATSC-M/H 서비스 사례 19.4Mbps(HDTV/SDTV) 15Mbps(HDTV/SDTV) MPEG-2 압축사용 1.1 MPEG-2 압축사용 (HDTV ~ SDTV)다양한 해상도/프레임률 19Mbps이하 H.264 압축사용 QVGA(320*240)30프레임 500~600Kbps 500kbps Simulcast 500kbps New service 100kbps data MPH Service example Local news Sports Traffic etc Mobile reception Of Main Service

서비스 데이터 할당을 통한 MMS서비스 NUL NUL EPG EPG SD+Audio+Data CH 19.39Mbps HD+DATA 13.5~16Mbps 1HD+DATA

8VSB constellation 8VSB constellation 8VSB constellation with SNR = 20.9 dB

Signal / noise & EVM

Digital TV 방식 비교 MPEG-2 Spectrum 형상 변조 방식 압축 영상 : MPEG-2 MPEG-2 Freq. 6MHz Bandwidth Multi Carrier OFDM 1seg 13 Segments(432kHZ x 13) = 6MHz DQPSK, QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM 등에서 선택 Segment 단위로 방식 변경가능 - 반사파 및 Multi Path에 강하다 - SFN(Single Frequency Network) 이 가능 MPEG-2 7, 8MHz Bandwidth Single Carrier - 비교적 저가의 수신기 - 중계기 설치 용이 Spectrum 형상 변조 방식 DQPSK, QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM, 8VSB 등에서 선택 압축 영상 : MPEG-2 MPEG-2 음성 : AC-3 MPEG-2 특징 구 분 북 미(한국) 유 럽 일 본

5.1채널 오디오 디코딩 디코더는 프로그램의 모든 내용을 수신하여 사용자의 선택에 따라 다르게 디코딩 부산 경남 DTV Seminar Page 15

5.1채널 오디오 운용 모드 C L R S SW LS RS Mono Stereo Dolby surround 5.1 CH

8VSB 데이터 세그먼트 +7 +5 +3 +1 -1 -3 -5 -7 DATA SEGMENT SYNC DATA + FEC LEVELS BEFORE PILOT INSERTION +7 +5 +3 +1 -1 -3 -5 DATA SEGMENT SYNC DATA + FEC 4 Symbols 1 Byte 828 Symbols = 187 Data Bytes + 20Parity (R-S) Bytes 832 Symbols = 188 byte MPEG data packet + 20 Parity bytes

PSI : 채널 선국에 관한 가장 기본적인 정보 Program Association Table (PAT) PID = 0, must be present in every transport stream Program Map Table (PMT) PID values assigned by transmission system (DVB, ATSC, etc.) Conditional Access Table (CAT) PID = 1 (EMM = entitlement management message) Network Information Table (NIT) PID values assigned by transmission system DVB considers this part of System Information (SI) Null Packets PID = 8191 (1FFFhex)

PSIP : Program and System Information Protocol 프로그램 가이드 채널 선택과 검색 채널 Identity - Chnnel number, Channel name, Transport Stream, Carrier Friquency 프로그램 등급정보(V-Chip) Conditional Access ….

Electronic Program Guide STT 2000년 11월 24일 오후 5: 23: 52 CH Ch Name 17:00~18:00 18:00~19:00 19:00~20:00 20:00~ 14-1 특선영화 ‘공동견비구역 JSA’ MBC-HD (HD 채널입니다) MBC뉴스 자연다큐멘타리 ‘흰 꼬리 수리의 비행’ 일일 연속극 청춘 시트콤 MBC 뉴스데스크 월화드라마 아줌마 14-2 MBC-SD1 칭찬합시다 MBC 스포츠 MLB (LA:NY 박찬호 선발경기) 14-3 MBC-SD2 MBC특강 ETT For VCT ETT1 VCT ETT0

PSIP Table STT: System Time Table RRT: Rating Region Table - 현재시간, EPG에서 사용하는 시간기준 RRT: Rating Region Table - 등급분류 기준, Event의 등급을 아는데 사용 MGT: Madter Guide Table - STT를 제외한 다른 테이블 정보(Version number, table size, PID) VCT: Virtual Channel Table - 가상채널에 관한 정보(ch number, name, service type, etc,)전달 - Analor 채널이나 다른 TS에 있는 채널정보까지도 전달할 수 있다. EIT: Event Information Table - 3시간 동안의 Event에 대한 정보(제목, 시작시간, Event길이, ect)전달 - 12시간 (EIT4개)에서 16일(EIT128개)까지 서비스 가능

PSIP in Ttansmission PMT PAT PSIP 6MHz RF Channel Single Program Encoder Video Subsystem Video Source Coding and Compression (MPEG-2) SP Tranport Stream DTV Transmitter Video Transport Multiplex Audio Subsystem (3~18Mb/s) Audio Source Coding and Compression (Dolby AC3) MP Tranport Stream Channel Corder & Modurator Audio MP Transport Multiplex (19.4Mb/s) 부가 데이터 PMT SP Tranport Stream PAT PAT: Program association table PMT: Program Map Table PSI: Program Specific Information SP: Single Program MP: Multi Program PSI and PSIP Generator PSIP

8VSB 송신기 구조 Mux 19.39Mb/s P.A Segment SYNC Field SYNC Measurement/ Data Randomizer Reed-Solomon Encoder Data Interleaver Trellis Encoder Mux Segment SYNC 19.39Mb/s Field SYNC Pilot Insertion VSB Modulator RF Up-Converter P.A Measurement/ Correction Processor

MMS서비스 구성도 DTV TX UP DATE Up date HD DTV&STB SD Format Converter HD Encoder HD HD Program DTV&STB DTV TX SD Encoder Re multiplexer SD SD Program Audio Encoder Audio Program Audio SDDS Server Psip&acap Data Brocasting Server Data UP DATE Up date TV Update

디지털방송 방식별 주요 규격 구분 방식명칭 압축규격(V/A) 전송규격 (변조방식) 기타 지상파 DTV 미국 유럽 일본 중국 ATSC MPEG-2/AC-3 8VSB 19.36Mbps 유럽 DVB-T MPEG-2/MPEG-2 BC COFDM QPSK,16/64QAM 3.74~23.75Mbps 일본 ISDB-T MPEG-2/MPEG-2 AAC BST-OFDM/ 3.65~23.23Mbps 중국 DMB-T/H 위성 DSS MPEG-2/MPEG-1레이어1,2 QPSK 고정, 20 DVB-S 규정 없음 ISDB-S BPSK/ TC8PSK 고정, 42 CATV Open Cable 16VSB/ 64/256QAM 64QAM 27Mbps 256QAM 39Mbps DVB-C 64QAM DAB (FM) IBOC PAC OFDM 144~160Kbps Eureka -147 MPEG-2/ MPEG-2 BC 0.8~1.7Mbps ISDB-TSB MPEG-2/ BST-OFDM 0.28~1,787Kbps (위성 System B 16~320Kbps/채널 System A MPEG-2 레이어2 16~38Kbps/채널 System E MPEG-2 AAC CDM(QPSK)

8VSB Data Frame Segment Sync Data + FEC 4 828 Symbols Field Sync #1 24.2 ms 313 Segments Data + FEC Segment Sync 1 Segment =77.3us Field Sync #1 Field Sync #2 4

지상파DTV서비스 채널 변경 방안 HD On Air (CH3-1 HD) UP DATE HD Service SD Service Audio Service data Service S/W Download Service UP DATE

항목 ATSC ATSC-M/H 비교 ATSC ATSC-M/H 지원해상도 HD, SD CIF, VGA 비디오압축 MPEG-2 H.264/AVC 오디오압축 DOLBY AC-3 HE-AAC/V2 Transport MPEG-2 TS IP/UDP(IP Datagram) 전송방식 8-VSB 오류정정부호 RS-Trellis RS+PCCC/SCCC Turbo code 이동수신 미지원 최대 120km/h 지원 항목 ATSC ATSC-M/H

ATSC-M/H Block Diagrm RF Transmitter System TCP/IP Channel Coding M/H Video Subsystem RF Transmitter System Video Source Coding and Compression (MPEG-2) M/H Framing Service Multiplex (MPEG-2) Transport (ATSC) Audio Subsystem Channel Coding Audio Source Coding and Compression (Dolby AC3) 부가 데이터 제어용 신호 Modulation ATSC Legancy system Video Subsystem Video Video Source Coding and Compression IP Transport Service Multiplex And IP Encapsulation RTP Audio Subsystem Audio Audio Source Coding and Compression 부가 데이터 제어용 신호 M/H Structure Data TCP/IP ATSC Mobile/Handheld System

ATSC M/H

일반적인 8VSB 스펙트럼 예 파일럿 신호 통과대역 평탄도 어깨부근 채널외 측파대 경사도 6 MHz

ATSC M/H System Description 􀂾 The ATSC M/H service shares the same RF channel as the standard ATSC DTV broadcast service 􀂾 The ATSC DTV data and M/H data are timedivision multiplexed (TDM) together to share the Same RF channel, and that is why it’s called In-Band system. 􀂾The standard ATSC 8-VSB transmission system provides up to 19.4 Mbps of data throughput in a 6MHz channel

ATSC M/H In-Band System 􀂾 Mark is going to provide the status of this system at the next presentation. 􀂾The M/H (Mobile and Handheld) in-band system has been recently adopted as an ATSC Candidate standard 􀂾 It’s intended to provide mobile, pedestrian and handheld broadcasting services using a portion of the 19.4 Mbps ATSC 8-VSB payload. 􀂾The M/H system is a dual stream system: 􀂾 ATSC DTV service multiplex 􀂾 M/H service multiplex to mobile, pedestrian & handheld

ATSC-M/H

ATSC-M/H 서비스 사례 19.4Mbps(HDTV/SDTV) 15Mbps(HDTV/SDTV) MPEG-2 압축사용 1.1 MPEG-2 압축사용 (HDTV ~ SDTV)다양한 해상도/프레임률 19Mbps이하 H.264 압축사용 QVGA(320*240)30프레임 500~600Kbps 500kbps Simulcast 500kbps New service 100kbps data MPH Service example Local news Sports Traffic etc Mobile reception Of Main Service

VSB channel occupancy VSB Channel Occupancy Square root raised cosine filter Roll-off-factor = 0.115 Nyquist Criterion {Square root raised cosine filter (TX)} x {Square root raised cosine filter (RX)} = Raised cosine filter (Nyquist Filter) RX filter = matched filter

ATSC TRANSPORT STREAM

ATSC 프레임 구조

디지털방송시스템 ①1 frame = 2 fields ②1 field = 313 data segments(DS) ③1 DS = Segment Sync(4 bytes) + 187 Bytespayload + 20 Bytes parity = 208 bytes ④1 packet = 188 Bytes ⑤1 Symbol = 2 bits x (3/2 trellis coding) = 3 bits ⑥Symbol rate(MHz) = 4.5/286 x 684 = 10.76… MHz ⑦cf. NTSC Horizontal Frequency = 4.5 MHz/286 = 15.734…KHz ⑧Transport Stream(TS)rate = 10.76… x 2 x 188/208 x 312/313 ≒19.39...Mbps

단일중계망 기술(DTxD

SFN MFN (Multiple Frequency Network) : F1 ‡ F2 SFN (Single Frequency Network) : F1 = F2