 Macmillan Publishers Ltd 2005 Taken from the Business and ESP section in Slide 1 Farming crops for fuel The next big change in agriculture

 Macmillan Publishers Ltd 2005 Taken from the Business and ESP section in Slide 2  Biomass releases CO 2 into the atmosphere  Effect carbon neutral – gas taken up earlier by plants

 Macmillan Publishers Ltd 2005 Taken from the Business and ESP section in Slide 3  Burning organic material now more cost-effective – but downside  Changing oil to biomass not easy – needs change in public attitude  Energy infrastructure centred on fossil fuel  Oil supply chains well established

 Macmillan Publishers Ltd 2005 Taken from the Business and ESP section in Slide 4  Biomass use/supply chains not developed  Biomass problems: smoke/smell  Biomass difficult to use outside industry – specialist equipment needed

 Macmillan Publishers Ltd 2005 Taken from the Business and ESP section in Slide 5  Biomass – various forms  Wood pellets for heating now cheaper than heating oil or liquefied petroleum gases in the UK  Ethanol now cheaper than petrol  Burning biomass reduces greenhouse gas emissions by more than 90%

 Macmillan Publishers Ltd 2005 Taken from the Business and ESP section in Slide 6  Hydrogen fuel cell buses piloted in London.  Power stations experimenting with biomass plus fossil fuels.  Ethanol easy biomass to use – added to petrol and used in cars.  Ethanol fermented from plants high in sugar.  Other forms of biomass: cow-dung, chicken litter and bedding, olive oil cake, methane from agricultural waste.