Biology Section 7.3

Cell parts outline 1.Plasma membrane 2.Cell wall 3.Nucleus chromatin 4.Nucleolus 5.Ribosome 6.Nuclear envelope 7.Cytoplasm 8.ER two types 9.Golgi apparatus 10.Vacuole 11.Lysosome 12.Chloroplast 13.Mitochondria 14.Cytoskeleton microfilament, microtubule 15. Centriole 16. Cilia 17. flagella

All cells contain organelles BUT not all organelles are surrounded by membranes Prokaryotes – do not contain any organelles with membranes Most of these are unicellular (one celled) like bacteria

Eukaryotic cells – contain membrane- bound organelles Most of these are multicellular (many celled) Because organelles have distinct compartments, chemical reactions can be carried out at the same time in different organelles.

Eukaryotic cells are generally 100x larger than prokaryotic cells.

Cells

Definition: Flexible boundary of cell Function: Allows water and nutrients to enter and waste to leave Location: Between cell and environment

Function: Support and protection to plant cells, fungi, bacteria Location: Outside the plasma membrane Definition: Inflexible barrier in plant cells; porous

Function: Controls the activity of the organelles Location: Found inside cell surrounded by cytoplasm Definition: Central organelle, manages cell functions, contains DNA

Definition: jumbled strands of genetic material Location: Found within nucleus Function: Stores genetic information Chromatin

Definition: Organelle that communicates from nucleus to the cell Function: Makes ribosomes Location: Inside Nucleus

Function: Site where the cell makes proteins; smallest organelle Definition: Structure made of RNA and protein Location: In the cytoplasm Ribosomes

Function: Separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm Definition: Double membrane around the nucleus Location: Around the nucleus

Definition: Clear, gel-like fluid inside a cell Function: Suspends cell organelles, the site of chemical reactions Location: Inside the cell

Function: Site of cellular chemical reactions, transports materials through out cell Definition: Series of folded membranes Location: Found in cytoplasm

Rough ER Ribosomes attached to the surface, where proteins are made. Smooth ER No ribosomes attached, so surface is smooth, makes lipids (detoxification)

Definition: Flattened stack of membranes Function: Sorts and packages proteins then sends them through out cell Location: In the cytoplasm

Definition: Membrane- bound compartments Function: Storage for food, water, enzymes, and waste Location: Usually in plant cells :HUGE to give plant rigidity

Function: Digests old organelles, food particles, viruses or bacteria Definition: Organelle that contains digestive enzymes Location: In the cytoplasm

Ever wondered how a tadpole gets rid of its tail and grows legs?? Lysosomes digest the cells in the tail, and these molecules are released to build different cells, like legs!

Function: Capture light energy and convert it to chemical energy Location: Found only in plant cells! Definition: Organelle where photosynthesis takes place

Location: In the cytoplasm of plant and animal cells Function: Turns food into energy for the cell Definition: Organelle where cellular respiration occurs, “powerhouse”

Function: Maintains the shape and supports the cell Definition: Network of tiny rods and filaments microfilaments: Solid / microtubules: hollow Location: In the cytoplasm

Definition: Organelle that aids in cell division Location: In the cytoplasm of animal cells only! Function: Helps cells divide

Function: Locomotion and feeding Definition: Short hair- like projections Location: Outside cell Definition: Long tail-like projection that moves like a whip Function: Movement Location: Outside cell

Cells  Tissues  Organs  Organ systems  Organisms

Review questions What 2 cell parts are found in plant but not animal cells? Which organelle is found in animal cells only?