The Constitution “We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.” ~Preamble of the Constitution ~

The Outline Article I: Legislative Branch Article II: Executive Branch Article III: Judicial Branch Article IV: Relations among the States Article V: Amendment Procedure Article VI: Ratification Procedure Article VII: Supremacy Clause, et al. 27 Amendments 1-10: Bill of Rights

Article I: House of Representatives 435 members Apportioned by population Elected every 2 years Congressmen/women must be: At least 25 years old Citizen for at least 7 years Citizen of the state to be represented 27 Representatives from New York Louise Slaughter (D-25 th )

Article I: Senate 100 members 2 from each state Continuous body: 1/3 of the body is up for election every two years Senators must be: At least 30 years old A citizen for at least 9 years Resident of the state represented NY Senators: Chuck Schumer (D) Kirsten Gillibrand (D)

Article I: Leadership Presiding officer Speaker of the House John Boehner(R-OH) Floor Leaders Majority leader Kevin McCarthy (R-CA) Minority leader Nancy Pelosi (D-CA) Presiding officers President of Senate Vice President Joe Biden Breaks ties President pro tempore Patrick Leahy (D-VT) Floor Leaders ** Majority leader Harry Reid (D-NV) Minority leader Mitch McConnell (R-KY) House of RepresentativesSenate

Article I: Powers 17 Enumerated/ Expressed powers Implied powers Article I, Section 8, Clause 18 Necessary and Proper Clause Elastic Clause House of Representatives All bills dealing with money start here Taxes Appropriations Senate Confirms appointments Ratifies treaties (2/3 necessary) “Little Bill of Rights” Habeas Corpus Bill of Attainder Ex Post Facto “To make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers” ~ Art. I, Sect. 8, Cl. 18 ~

How a Bill Becomes a Law House Committee Senate Committee House Senate Conference Committee Original Bill House BillSenate Bill Compromise Bill VETO President Riders “Pork Barrel”

Article I: Impeachment Presidents, Judges, etc. House impeaches Similar to indictment Majority necessary Hearing Chief Justice of SCOTUS presides Senate acts as jury 2/3 necessary to removed from office 2 Presidents have been impeached None convicted

Article II: The Presidency Commander-in-chief of armed forces Chief diplomat Appointment SCOTUS Justices Cabinet members Pardon The President must be: At least 35 years old Natural born citizen Resident for 14 years Powers Veto May be overridden by a 2/3 majority in both houses of Congress If President does not veto bill within 10 days, automatically becomes law Pocket veto: If Congress adjourns within that 10 day period, the bill dies

Article II: The Cabinet State Treasury Defense Justice (Attorney General) Interior Labor Homeland Security Other Departments Agriculture Commerce Education Energy Health and Human Services Housing and Urban Development (HUD) Transportation Veteran’s Affairs

Article III: Supreme Court 9 Justices William Rehnquist Chief Justice Stephen Breyer Ruth Bader Ginsburg Anthony Kennedy Sandra Day O’Conner Antonin Scalia John Paul Stevens David Souter Clarence Thomas Judicial Review SCOTUS may declare laws unconstitutional Justices Appointed by POTUS Confirmed by Senate Removal of justices Resignation Impeachment Death

Articles IV, V, & VI Article IV: The States Full Faith and Credit Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA) Privileges and Immunities Extradition Article V: Amendments Proposed By Congress (2/3 majority in both Houses) By new national convention called by 2/3 of states Ratified By 3/4 of state legislatures By 3/4 of special state conventions

Article V: Amendments Proposed by a 2/3 majority in each House Proposed by a convention called for by 2/3 of State legislatures Two Methods of Ratifying Ratified by 3/4 of the State legislatures Ratified by conventions in 3/4 of the States. Two Methods of Proposing

Articles IV, V, & VI Article IV: The States Full Faith and Credit Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA) Privileges and Immunities Extradition Article V: Amendments Proposed By Congress (2/3 majority in both Houses) By new national convention called by 2/3 of states Ratified By 3/4 of state legislatures By 3/4 of special state conventions Article VI No religious requirements Supremacy Clause Constitution National Law/Treaties State Constitutions State Laws “This Constitution…shall be the supreme Law of the Land” ~ Art. VI, Sect. 2 ~

Bill of Rights 1 st Amendment Religion No establishment Free exercise Speech Press Assembly Petition 2 nd Amendment Right to bear arms 3 rd Amendment No quartering of troops

Bill of Rights 7 th Amendment Right to trial by jury 8 th Amendment No excessive bail No cruel or unusual punishment 9 th Amendment Other rights not mentioned 10 th Amendment Powers reserved to the states 4 th Amendment No unreasonable searches and seizures 5 th Amendment Due Process Protection from: Self-incrimination Double jeopardy Eminent domain 6 th Amendment Right to: Speedy trial Confront witnesses Legal counsel