Characteristics of Civilization Egypt Characteristics of Civilization

TEKS Objectives WH(1) History. The student understands traditional historical points of reference in word history (A) Identify major causes and describe the major effects of the following events from 8000 BC to 500 BC: the development of agriculture and the development of the river value civilizations WH(2) History. The student understands how early civilizations developed from 8000 BC to 500 BC. (B) Identify the characteristics of civilizations (C) Explain how the major river valley civilizations influenced the development o the classical civilizations WH(15) Geography. The student understands the impact of geographic factors on major events and processes. (A) Locate places and regions of historical significance directly related to major eras and turning points in world history Analyze the influece of human physical geographic factors on major events in world history, including the development of river valley civilizations […]

TEKS Objectives WH(17) Economics. The student understands the impact of the Neolithic and Industrial revolutions and globalization on humanity (A) Identify important changes in human life caused by the Neolithic Revolution and the inudstrial Revolution (B) Summarize the role of economics in driving political changes as related to the Neolithic Revolution and the Industrial Revolution WH (19) Government. The student understands the characteristiics of major political systems throughout history. (A) Identify the characteristics of monarchies and theocracies as forms of government in early civilizations WH (24) Culture. The student understands the roles of women, children, and families in different historical culture (A) Describe the changing roles of women, children, and families during major eras of world history

TEKS Objectives WH (26) Culture. The student understands the relationship between the arts and the times during which they were created. (A) Identify significant examples of art and architecture that demonstrate an artistic ideal or visual principle from selected cultures WH (27) Science, technology, and society. The student understands how major scientific and mathematical discoveries and technological innovations affected societies prior to 1750 (A) Identify the origin and diffusion of major ideas in mathematics, science, and technology that occurred in river valley civilizations, […]

Egyptian Timeline Old Kingdom (2700-2150) Hieroglyphics and religion develop in Egypt Pyramids built Middle Kingdom (2040-1786) Extension of Egyptian control into Nubia New Kingdom (1570-1075) Militaristic - Hebrews enslaved Mummification perfected

Politics The pharaoh was the absolute monarch of the country Pharaoh was a God-King The pharaoh was the supreme military commander and head of the government Relied on a bureaucracy of officials to manage his affairs.

Politics Ancient Egypt was also a theocracy, controlled by the clergy. The Pharaoh¹s advisors and ministers were almost always priests, who were considered the only ones worthy and able to carry out the god-king¹s commands.

Economics The Nile provided excellent transportation which facilitated trade. Egypt needed to trade because, beside the Nile, it had few natural resources Much trade between Egypt and Nubia

Daily Life Homes Close to the Nile Made of mud bricks Usually 2-3 stories high to avoid flooding

Daily Life Religion Ancient Egyptians practiced a polytheistic, animistic religion.

Daily Life Examples of Egyptian Gods Ra – the sun god. He was the most important god of the ancient Egyptians. Isis – the protective goddess. She used powerful magic to help people in need.

Daily Life Food & Agriculture Most common job was farming Depended on crops Wheat and barley used to make beer and bread Ate beef, pork, mutton, fowl and wild game meat The commoners ate fish as a substitution for meat

Daily Life

Daily Life Family & Gender For the ancient Egyptians, the prime purpose of marriage was to establish a family. A suitable age for men to be married is at the age of 20. Egypt’s society was typically male-dominated. Upper-class men often became scribes or priests. Lower-class man often were farmers, hunters, potters, or craftsmen.

Daily Life Family & Gender Women took care of the daily needs of their family. Women were able to own property and celebrated more rights than women from Mesopotamia

Daily Life Social Classes

Technology Mummification: Process of embalming & drying corpses to prevent them from decaying. Ancient Egyptians believed in an afterlife. They mummified the body so the soul could return later.

Technology

Technology Papyrus The raw material came from the plant Cyperus papyrus which grew along the banks of the Nile Used not only in the production of paper but also used in the manufacture of boats, rope and baskets

Daily Life Development of Writing Papyrus Pictographs written on papyrus Allowed ideas to be transferred

Technology Shipbuilding Wooden boats Multiple-oars Sails

Architecture Why build the pyramids? Belief in the afterlife The need to protect the bodies demanded good burial tombs First were mastabas, then came pyramids

Architecture Mastabas

Architecture The Great Pyramid Tomb for Khufu --------------------------------------- An almost perfect square (deviation .05%) Orientation is exactly North, South, East West 2,300,000 blocks, 500ft high 20 years to build Average block weighs 2.5 tons Some weigh 9 tons!

Architecture

Architecture

Architecture

Architecture Pyramids of Menkaure, Khafre and Khufu

Architecture The Great Sphinx is a large human-headed lion that was carved from a mound of natural rock. It is located in Giza

Technology Ramps and stone-cutting required to build pyramids

Technology Medicine Egyptian medical practice went largely unchanged and was highly advanced for its time Created first medical texts (7 medical books) First surgeons in history Drugs from plant, mineral and animal

Geography

Geography The Nile 1 2 3 4 5 6

Geography The Nile

Geography Egypt- located in North Africa near Mediterranean sea, Red Sea, near Sinai peninsula. Desert climate

Geography The Nile Yearly flooding Irrigation systems Encouraged trade, communication, political unity