Caner ESENYEL Senior Expert on Family and Social Policy CENTRAL REGULAR CASH TRANSFER PROGRAMS IN TURKEY: The Case of Conditional Cash Transfer Program REPUBLIC OF TURKEY MINISTRY OF FAMILY AND SOCIAL POLICY General Directorate of Social Assistance İmge BAYSAL Juniıor Expert on Family and Social Policy

2 PRESENTATION OUTLINE: 1.Central Regular Cash Transfer (CRCT) Programs implemented by GDSA 2.CRCT at a glance 3.The case of Conditional Cash Transfer Program in Turkey 4.Details of CCT in Turkey 5.Targeting Mechanism of CCT 6.Impacts of CCT in Turkey 7.Remarks for further considerations 8.Questions-Answers REPUBLIC OF TURKEY MINISTRY OF FAMILY AND SOCIAL POLICY General Directorate of Social Assistance

3 ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS IMPLEMENTED BY GDSA IN TURKEY REPUBLIC OF TURKEY MINISTRY OF FAMILY AND SOCIAL POLICY General Directorate of Social Assistance Social Assistance Programs being implemented by General Directorate of Social Assistance (GDSA) are basically divided into 5 different categories; 1.Family Assistances 2.Education Assistances 3.Assistances for Specific Purposes 4.Thematic Central Regular Cash Transfers 5.Allowance Programmes to the Specific Groups

4 REPUBLIC OF TURKEY MINISTRY OF FAMILY AND SOCIAL POLICY General Directorate of Social Assistance ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS IMPLEMENTED BY GDSA

5 REPUBLIC OF TURKEY MINISTRY OF FAMILY AND SOCIAL POLICY General Directorate of Social Assistance CENTRAL REGULAR CASH TRANSFER PROGRAMS CONDITIONAL CASH TRANSFER PROGRAMS EDUCATION HEALTH PREGNANT WOMEN LACTATING WOMEN UNCONDITIONAL CASH TRANSFER PROGRAMS For Widow Women whose Husbands are Dead For Needy Families whose boy/boys are in compulsory military service Needy Children whose fathers are in compulsory army service Needy Families of the Orphan Children

6 CENTRAL REGULAR CASH TRANSFER PROGRAMS REPUBLIC OF TURKEY MINISTRY OF FAMILY AND SOCIAL POLICY General Directorate of Social Assistance -Financed through the Fund Budget, -Applications are taken by Social Assistance and Solidarity Foundations (SASFs), -Determination of eligibility done by SASFs, -Inquiries of criteria related to the specific program done automatically, -Payments are calculated by GDSA, -Payments are directly sent to the beneficiaries’ accounts from the center through integrated software system, -Monitoring of specific criteria checked by GDSA automatically

7 REPUBLIC OF TURKEY MINISTRY OF FAMILY AND SOCIAL POLICY General Directorate of Social Assistance The needy Turkish or resided foreign widow women who have no social security from any formal institution, who are not receiving any regular pension from these formal institutions. SCOPE OF ELIGIBILITY Anybody from the same household living with widow woman or her legal guardian. WHO CAN APPLY? Needy women whose legal husband is dead. WHO CAN BENEFIT? National ID Card or ID number DOCUMENT REQUIRED 86 USD per month AMOUNTS Bimonthly directly to the beneficiaries’ bank accounts PAYMENT PERIOD FOR WIDOW WOMEN WHOSE HUSBANDS ARE DEAD

8 REPUBLIC OF TURKEY MINISTRY OF FAMILY AND SOCIAL POLICY General Directorate of Social Assistance The needy Turkish or resided foreign people who have no social security from any formal institution, who are not receiving any regular pension from these formal institutions. SCOPE OF ELIGIBILITY Legal wife, mother or father of the person in compulsory military service. WHO CAN APPLY? Needy wife, mother or father of the person in compulsory military service. WHO CAN BENEFIT? National ID Card or ID number DOCUMENT REQUIRED 86 USD per month AMOUNTS Bimonthly directly to the beneficiaries’ bank accounts PAYMENT PERIOD FOR NEEDY FAMILIES WHOSE BOY/BOYS ARE IN COMPULSORY MILITARY SERVİCE

9 REPUBLIC OF TURKEY MINISTRY OF FAMILY AND SOCIAL POLICY General Directorate of Social Assistance The needy Turkish or resided foreign people who have no social security from any formal institution, who are not receiving any regular pension from these formal institutions. SCOPE OF ELIGIBILITY Legal mother in the same household with the child/ren whose father is in compulsory military service. WHO CAN APPLY? Needy child/ren whose father is in compulsory military service WHO CAN BENEFIT? National ID Card or ID number DOCUMENT REQUIRED 34 USD per child per month AMOUNTS Bimonthly directly to the beneficiaries’ bank accounts PAYMENT PERIOD NEEDY CHILDREN UNDER AGE OF 18 WHOSE FATHERS ARE IN COMPULSORY MILITARY SERVİCE

10 REPUBLIC OF TURKEY MINISTRY OF FAMILY AND SOCIAL POLICY General Directorate of Social Assistance The needy Turkish or resided foreign people who have no social security from any formal institution, who are not receiving any regular pension from these formal institutions. SCOPE OF ELIGIBILITY Legal mother/father or legal guardian living in the same household with the child/ren. WHO CAN APPLY? Needy families living with orphan/s WHO CAN BENEFIT? National ID Card or ID number DOCUMENT REQUIRED 34 USD per child per month AMOUNTS Bimonthly directly to the beneficiaries’ bank accounts PAYMENT PERIOD NEEDY FAMILIES OF ORPHAN CHILDREN

11 CENTRAL REGULAR CASH TRANSFER PROGRAMS: THE CASE OF CONDITIONAL CASH TRANSFER PROGRAM IN TURKEY REPUBLIC OF TURKEY MINISTRY OF FAMILY AND SOCIAL POLICY General Directorate of Social Assistance Conditional cash transfer programs (CCTs) are the programs that transfer cash, generally to poor households, on the condition that those households make pre-determined investments on the human capital of their children. The number of countries implementing CCT programs or adoption of CCT programs at a remarkable rate.

12 REPUBLIC OF TURKEY MINISTRY OF FAMILY AND SOCIAL POLICY General Directorate of Social Assistance Almost every country in Latin America has such a program and elsewhere there are large-scale programs in Bangladesh, Indonesia, and Turkey, and pilot programs in Cambodia, Malawi, Morocco, Pakistan, and South Africa, among others. THE CASE OF CONDITIONAL CASH TRANSFER PROGRAM IN TURKEY

13 REPUBLIC OF TURKEY MINISTRY OF FAMILY AND SOCIAL POLICY General Directorate of Social Assistance THE CASE OF CONDITIONAL CASH TRANSFER PROGRAM IN TURKEY Short- term: Mid-term: Overall objective Break the intergenerational transmission of poverty Accumulate human capital (more education, better health and nutrition) by higher utilization of basic services Support household consumption/income protection

14 In Turkey, CCT program is launched in App. 2.1 billion US $ has been allocated to around 3,5 million beneficiary households. It is implemented through a fully web-based software from application to payments and also monitoring and evaluation. REPUBLIC OF TURKEY MINISTRY OF FAMILY AND SOCIAL POLICY General Directorate of Social Assistance THE CASE OF CONDITIONAL CASH TRANSFER PROGRAM IN TURKEY

15 CCT program was an innovative approach for all the social assistance programs in Turkey because: It provides continuous cash transfer, It is conditional on positive behavioral changes –Keeping children in school, –Ensuring children and pregnant women receive adequate immunization, basic health care and nutrition, Payments are sent directly to mothers’ bank accounts, It is the first computer-based program, It is the first scoring formula based assistance program, It provides longitudinal data about beneficiaries’ socio-economical and conditional based status REPUBLIC OF TURKEY MINISTRY OF FAMILY AND SOCIAL POLICY General Directorate of Social Assistance REPUBLIC OF TURKEY MINISTRY OF FAMILY AND SOCIAL POLICY General Directorate of Social Assistance THE CASE OF CONDITIONAL CASH TRANSFER PROGRAM IN TURKEY

16 TARGET GROUP OF THE CCT PROGRAM REPUBLIC OF TURKEY MINISTRY OF FAMILY AND SOCIAL POLICY General Directorate of Social Assistance REPUBLIC OF TURKEY MINISTRY OF FAMILY AND SOCIAL POLICY General Directorate of Social Assistance

17 What are the Conditions of CCT? HEALTH Regular visits to health cen. For children ages 0-5 Regular visits to health centers in pregnancy Giving birth in hospital EDUCATION Level / Grade completion School enrollment School attendance (80%) REPUBLIC OF TURKEY MINISTRY OF FAMILY AND SOCIAL POLICY General Directorate of Social Assistance REPUBLIC OF TURKEY MINISTRY OF FAMILY AND SOCIAL POLICY General Directorate of Social Assistance

18 HOW DOES CCT TARGETING MECHANISM WORK? 1 to 2 weeks process REPUBLIC OF TURKEY MINISTRY OF FAMILY AND SOCIAL POLICY General Directorate of Social Assistance REPUBLIC OF TURKEY MINISTRY OF FAMILY AND SOCIAL POLICY General Directorate of Social Assistance APPLICATION Applicants should only present their Naitonal ID numbers APPLICATION FORMS Forms registered to ISASIS INQUIRY FROM 15 DATABASE ( 28 different database; via web- based services, automatically) HOME VISIT SASFs DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM LOCAL BOARD OF TRUSTY Last Decision for beneficiary list

19 Education Support Male Primary School Student ~12 USD /month Female Primary School Student ~ 14 USD /month Male Secondary School Student ~ 17 USD /month Female Secondary School Student ~ 21 USD /month Health Support Children between ages 0-5: ~ 12 USD /month Pregnant women (only for 6 months): ~ 12 USD /month Women gave birth in hospital (just for once): ~ 26 USD Lactating women (only for 2 months): ~ 12 USD/month AMOUNTS PAID FOR CCT BENEFICIARIES REPUBLIC OF TURKEY MINISTRY OF FAMILY AND SOCIAL POLICY General Directorate of Social Assistance REPUBLIC OF TURKEY MINISTRY OF FAMILY AND SOCIAL POLICY General Directorate of Social Assistance

20 THE PROCESS OF CCT PAYMENTS REPUBLIC OF TURKEY MINISTRY OF FAMILY AND SOCIAL POLICY General Directorate of Social Assistance MONITORING CCT CONDITIONS MONITORING ELIGIBILITY CONDITIONS

21 L ike other CCT programms in Latin America, the CCT in Turkey has also had an undeniable positive social impacts, which is evident in several dimensions. M ost importantly, the CCT programm in Turkey has helped reduce poverty and inequality in a some extent, as well as foster schooling, especially at the primary level. REPUBLIC OF TURKEY MINISTRY OF FAMILY AND SOCIAL POLICY General Directorate of Social Assistance THE IMPACTS OF CCT IN TURKEY

22 DISTRIBUTION OF CCT TRANSFERRED AMOUNT REPUBLIC OF TURKEY MINISTRY OF FAMILY AND SOCIAL POLICY General Directorate of Social Assistance

23 REPUBLIC OF TURKEY MINISTRY OF FAMILY AND SOCIAL POLICY General Directorate of Social Assistance REPUBLIC OF TURKEY MINISTRY OF FAMILY AND SOCIAL POLICY General Directorate of Social Assistance DISTRIBUTION OF CCT BENEFICIARIES

24 ENROLLMENT RATES REPUBLIC OF TURKEY MINISTRY OF FAMILY AND SOCIAL POLICY General Directorate of Social Assistance

25 REPUBLIC OF TURKEY MINISTRY OF FAMILY AND SOCIAL POLICY General Directorate of Social Assistance REPUBLIC OF TURKEY MINISTRY OF FAMILY AND SOCIAL POLICY General Directorate of Social Assistance DISTRIBUTION OF MALE AND FEMALE EDUCATION CCT BENEFICIARIES FEMALE grades grades grades

Number of unattended days to the school were decreased 50%, in rural areas this ratio is higher, Unattendace rate is decreased twice as much for the girls, The ratio of attendance to high school is 79,4% for boys and 79,3% for girls in , The same ratio is 57,19% for boys and 50,08% for girls whose are not CCT beneficiaries. with respect to the control group 26 THE IMPACTS OF CCT IN TURKEY REPUBLIC OF TURKEY MINISTRY OF FAMILY AND SOCIAL POLICY General Directorate of Social Assistance

Due to the aids ratio of the controls increased from 63,25% to 74,13%. According to the results of qualitative research conducted by health professionals, aids have a positive effect on the overall health level, families’ awareness about health are increased and they gained the habit of regular doctor control. 27 THE IMPACTS OF CCT IN TURKEY REPUBLIC OF TURKEY MINISTRY OF FAMILY AND SOCIAL POLICY General Directorate of Social Assistance

Program is effective in every regions of Turkey With in rural ares, West Anatolia is the region where the program is the most effective With in urban areas, South East Anatolia is the region where the program is the most effective South East Anatolia has the highest number of beneficiaries According to the survey CCT reduces the child labor CCT has a positive effect on women's empowerment, participation in social life, to have the financial freedom 28 THE IMPACTS OF CCT IN TURKEY REPUBLIC OF TURKEY MINISTRY OF FAMILY AND SOCIAL POLICY General Directorate of Social Assistance

29 THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION… For further information: REPUBLIC OF TURKEY MINISTRY OF FAMILY AND SOCIAL POLICY General Directorate of Social Assistance