Plant Reproduction 6-2.3, 6-2.4, 6-2.6

Sexual Reproduction Of Plants

Sexual Reproduction Sexual reproduction in plants: a process of reproduction that requires pollen (sperm cell) and an ovule (egg cell) to continue to produce new organisms of plants. All flowering plants undergo sexual reproduction.

Plants can be further classified by the method in which they reproduce: Spore- producing Seed-producing Cone-bearing plants Flowering plants

Spore-producing Plants Spore-producing Spore-producing plants are plants that produce spores for reproduction instead of seeds. Spores are much smaller than seeds. Almost all flowerless plants produce spores. Examples: mosses and ferns

Seed Producing Plants Plants that reproduce through seeds. Seed plants make their own seeds. embryo stored food seed coat Seeds contain the plant embryo (the beginnings of roots, stems, and leaves) and stored food (cotyledons) and are surrounded by the seed coat. From those seeds, new plants grow. two major groups There are two major groups of seed producing plants: cone-bearing plants and flowering plants.

Cone-bearing plants needle-like leaves Most cone-bearing plants are evergreen with needle-like leaves. Conifers never have flowers but produce seeds in cones. Examples: pine, spruce, juniper, redwood, and cedar trees

Flowering plants Flowering plants differ from conifers because they grow their seeds inside an ovary which is embedded in a flower. The flower then becomes a fruit containing the seeds. Examples: most trees, shrubs, vines, flowers, fruits, vegetables, and legumes.

Parts of Flowering Plants that Function in Reproduction Flowers Stamen Pistil Seeds ht tp://app.discoveryeducation.com/search?Ntt=plant+parts#selItemsPerPage=20&intCurrentPage=0&No=0& N=18342&Ne=18339&Ntt=plant%2Bparts&Ns=&Nr=&browseFilter=&indexVersion=&Ntk=All&Ntx=mode%2 52Bmatchallpartial

Flowers Produce seeds. Many contain both male and female parts. Flower petals are colorful or have a scent so as to attract insects and other animals.

Stamen Male part of the flower that has an anther on a stalk (filament). The anther produce the pollen that contains the sperm cells.

Pistil Female part of the flower that holds the: Ovary (contains the egg cells). Stigma (sticky top where pollen grains land). Style (stalk down which the pollen tube grows after pollination has taken place).

Seeds SEED- The ovule that contains the fertilized egg (embryo) from which new plants are formed. A fruit that is formed from the ovary often protects them.

Asexual Reproduction Of Plants

Asexual Reproduction A process that involves only one parent plant or plant part and produce offspring identical to the parent plant. Many plants can grow new plants from their plant parts. If a plant is cut or damaged, it can sprout new growth from stems, roots, or leaves.

Vegetative Propagation form of asexual reproduction In the form of tubers, bulbs, runners, stem cuttings, and roots

Tubers : All types of underground stems. The “eyes” or buds grow into roots and shoots to produce new plants like a potato.

Bulbs: Bulbs, like onions are big buds made of a stem and special types of leaves.

Runners: All types of stems that run along the ground. New strawberries or some ivy grow from the tips of runners. Many lawn grasses grow from runners.

Stem Cuttings: Roots may spring from the piece of a stem and develop into a new plant such as sugar cane and pineapple.

Roots: “Suckers” sent up from the roots such as sweet potatoes, some fruit trees, and bushes. Some plants have roots that can produce new plants from root pieces, such as sweet potatoes.

Leaves: Some houseplants produce little plants right on their leaves. Example: African violets can produce plants from leaves placed on top of soil.