AIM: How did Julius Caesar’s rise act as the turning point for Roman history? Do Now: Why is Shakespeare’s play Julius Caesar a tragedy? Homework: Note Summaries Individual Project Summary Paper Due Agenda: Project Comments Notes on Julius Caesar Julius Caesar primary source document analysis 6/8/2016

Rome Republic The Hellenistic period of Greece ended in 146 BCE with the conquest of the Romans Rome began in Italy in 800 BCE In 509 BCE Roman monarch ended making it an aristocracy The Roman Republic began a period of expansion of the Mediterranean world During the Punic Wars ( BCE) Romans defeated the Phoenician city of Carthage in North Africa Power struggles among generals led the republic to end 6/8/2016

Julius Caesar Consul, governor, military general Popularity was a threat to Senate The Senate called to disband his army As "Enemy of the State” he broke the law of crossing the Rubicon River with a standing army. Roman Republic erupted in CIVIL WAR Caesar defeated Pompey’s army Pompey escaped to Egypt Caesar arrived and was given Pompey’s head Caesar made Cleopatra a surrogate ruler 6/8/2016

However when Julius returned to Rome, He declared himself dictator A conspiracy, of Senators assassinated Julius

Emperors of Rome Summary AugustusRome's first emperor. He also added many territories to the empire. ClaudiusHe conquered Britain. NeroHe murdered his mother and his wife and threw thousands of Christians to the lions. TitusBefore he was emperor he destroyed the great Jewish temple of Solomon in Jerusalem. DiocletianHe split the empire into two pieces - a western and an eastern empire. ConstantineHe was the first Christian emperor. He united the empire again chose his capital to be the small town Byzantium, which he renamed Constantinople. JustinianHe was the last 'great' emperor. He conquered many territories, created the 'Justinian Code' Constantine XI The last emperor of Constantinople. He died defending his great city against the Turks.

6/8/2016 ROME’S EMPIRE

The Roman Empire Civil disorder ended in 27 BCE with rule of Octavian or Augustus Caesar the grandnephew of Julius From 27 BCE to 18 CE is known as the Pax Romana (over 200 years of peace and prosperity)

Pax Romana (Peace & Prosperity) System of bridges, aqueducts & roads served all parts of the empire Land and sea routes connected Rome to the Silk Roads Highway banditry decreased A common language, Latin promoted unity Common coinage facilitated trade Stadiums were constructed to provide entertainment Gladiators Jesus was born in the province of Judea Christianity, a new religion spread easily because of Roman roads 6/8/2016

Conclusion Primary Document Analysis What kind of man was Julius Caesar?

AIM: How do the Twelve Tables reflect Roman life? Do Now: Analyze the following quote from Cicero on the second page in your packet. Homework: Note Summaries Agenda: Roman Government 12 Tables Roman Law 6/8/2016

Roman Government Government was centered around Senate, which was mostly composed of aristocratic members (makes laws) The executive branches had two consuls (enforces laws) Laws were codified in the Twelve Tables Conquered people were allowed some self rule Provinces geographically close to Rome were granted citizenship 6/8/2016

Study the diagram and answer the two questions that follow on the 1 st page of your packet

The Twelve Tables Communal Hygiene Personal Safety Strict and Patriarchal Society Class Division Harsh Penalties You can tell a lot about values in society from a set of laws

Roman Law The system of laws of the Romans is the LONGEST LASTING CONTRIBUTION to the Western legal tradition Legal Principles The defendant is innocent until proven guilty by court of law Right of the defendant to confront their accusers in court of law Right of judges to set aside laws that are unjust 6/8/2016

Conclusion The Citizens of Rome activity

AIM: Why did Christianity become the official religion of the Roman Empire? Do Now: Analyze the following “Everywhere roads traced, every district is known, every country opened to commerce. Smiling fields have invaded the forests…the rocks are planted, the marshes drained. There are now as many cities as there were once solitary cottages. Reefs and shoals have lost their terrors. Wherever there is a trace of life, there are houses, well-ordered governments and civilized life.” -Roman writer during Pax Romana Homework: Note Summary Greece and Rome Venn Diagram Agenda: Roman Roads Christianity Women and Slaves 6/8/2016

Complete “Roman Roads” page one in your handout

What kind of people in Rome would favor Christianity?

Who would favor Christianity? Poor, lower classes End to SufferingLife After Death Jesus Message Morality, Justice, Sympathy Forgiveness, Mercy

Christianity With a partner next to you complete pages 3 and 4 in your packet

AIM: How do you go about writing an AP style social studies essay? Do Now: What makes a great essay? Homework: Note Summaries Agenda: Essay format 6/8/2016

Women & Slaves in Greece & Rome Families were patriarchal Women of elite class sometimes owned property and small businesses Women lower than men under the law Slavery was common in Greece and Rome 1/3 rd of population were slaves One of the reasons for expansion was to add more slaves Educated Greeks became tutors for Roman elite Dependence on slavery led to little development in technological labor-saving devices The Mediterranean world fell behind China & India within the fields of agriculture & manufacturing 6/8/2016

Roman Culture Culture adopted from Greeks The Phoenician alphabet used by the Greeks was modified by Romans Philosophical thought of Aristotle and Stoicism became part of Roman life Greek gods and goddesses were renamed by the Romans and put into religious beliefs The key stone credited to the Romans, but was more of cultural diffusion from Greece than independent invention. 6/8/2016

Question How did the problem the Roman Empire faced with slave labor comparable to immigration labor in the United States?

What is a keystone?

THE LEGACY OF ROME Law: concepts of justice, equality before law, & natural law based on reason Language: Latin New languages evolved from it, Spanish, French, Portuguese, Italian & Romanian Wrote Aeneid and Virgil Engineering: built 1000s miles of roads, connected to distant parts of empire. Built bridges & aqueducts to supply water to cities. Architecture: constructed huge stadiums, temples and amphitheaters. Developed the arch & dome Christianity: was a major turning point in the spread of this new religion. History: Romulus & Remus, Livy, Rome all of Europe 6/8/2016 Closure

Reviewing Key Terms Greco-Roman: blending of the two civilizations Aqueduct: moves water Civil Law: Private laws of individuals Law of Nations: people under Roman Rule

Closure Collect Essays