1 Cluster of differentiation molecules.

2 CELLSCD Number Macrophages, monocyte CD4, CD11b, CD64, CD115, CD86 (B7-2), CD80 (B7 – 1) Dendritic cell CD1a, CD205, CD86, CD80 Helper T cell CD2, CD3, CD4, CD45RA CD27 Cytotoxic T cell CD2, CD3, CD8, CD27 Natural killer cell CD2, CD56, CD16 B cell CD19, CD20, CD40, CD35 CD86, CD80 Neutrophil CD11b, CD66a, CD66 b Activated B cell CD126, CD130 Activated T - helper cell CD2R, CD40L, CD96, CD97 Memory T - helper cell CD44, CD45R0 Memory B cell CD27, CD126, CD130

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6 Cytokines

7 What are Cytokines????

8 Cytokines/chemokines: are small chemical messengers that regulate development and behavior of immune effector cells. Facilitate communication between cells at low concentrations. Short lived. May act alone, or in concert with one another synergystically.

9 Cytokines/chemokines: Pleiotropic (can have multiple different actions, on multiple different cell types). Overlapping and redundant functions. Bind to receptors on surface of cells. Act to reinforce action of cell producing the molecule. Act on cells nearby. Act on tissue in a systemic manner.

10 Cytokines/chemokines: can facilitate innate immune responses to assist in activation of inflammatory responses.

11 LTh1 Cytokine release: IL – 2 INF  TNF  IL –3 GMCSF TNF  Cytokine release: IL – 2 INF  TNF  IL –3 GMCSF TNF 

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13 LTh2 Cytokine release: IL – 4 IL – 5 IL – 6 IL – 9 IL – 10 IL – 13 GMCSF TNF  Cytokine release: IL – 4 IL – 5 IL – 6 IL – 9 IL – 10 IL – 13 GMCSF TNF 

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15 Cytokines such as IL-1, IL- 12, IL-6, TNF-a, play significant roles in linking Innate immunity (nonspecific), and Adaptive immunity (specific). Cytokines such as IL-1, IL- 12, IL-6, TNF-a, play significant roles in linking Innate immunity (nonspecific), and Adaptive immunity (specific).

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20 CytokinePrincipal cell sources Principal cell targets Principal cell population induce IL – 3Tcells (Th2)Immature progenitors All IL – 7Fibroblasts, bone marrow Stroma cells Immature lymphoid progenitors B and T lymphocytes. IL – 5Tcells(Th2)Eosinophils IgA production Increased production B cells.

21 Cytokine Receptors

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23 Chemokines are small polypeptides that act through G-protein coupled receptors. All chemokines are related in amino acid sequence and their receptors are integral membrane proteins that are characterized by containing seven membrane-spanning helices. Chemokines are small polypeptides that act through G-protein coupled receptors. All chemokines are related in amino acid sequence and their receptors are integral membrane proteins that are characterized by containing seven membrane-spanning helices.

24 Chemokines fall mainly into two distinct groups. The CC chemokines have two adjacent cysteine residues (hence the name "CC"). The CXC chemokines have an amino acid between two cysteine residues. Each chemokine reacts with one or more receptors, and can affect multiple cell types.

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28 ChemokineMajor Cell SourceCell Type Attracted CCL2 (MCP-1) Monocytes and Macrophages, Fibroblasts Chemoattractant for monocytes CCL3 (MIP-1  ) Monocytes, T cells, Fibrobalsts, Mast cells Chemoattractant for neutrophilic granulocytes CCL5 (Rantes) T cells, Endothelium Chemoattractant for Eosinophils and Basophils, Monocytes and Dendritic cells, and T cells CCL11 (Eotaxin) Monocytes and Macrophages, Endothelium and Epithelium Chemoattractant for Eosinophils CXCL8 (IL-8) Monocytes and Macrophages, Fibroblasts, Endothelial cells Chemoattractant for Neutrophils

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