Evidence Intro Aim: Aim: How does testimonial evidence differ from physical evidence? HW: any labs/ worksheet for movie “You can learn a lot by just watching.” —Yogi Berra, former New York Yankees catcher and sage

A painting by a world-renowned artist was stolen from the Forest Museum. The missing masterpiece is now in Kopy Kat's studio. The feline forger has already painted a copy of the artwork. Which one does Slylock Fox suspect is the original painting?

An owl cannot move its eyes from side to side, but must turn its head to see in other directions. The painting with the eyes pointed straight ahead is the original.

Evidence is something that tends to establish or disprove a fact.

Types of Evidence Review: 1.Testimonial—a statement made under oath; also known as direct evidence or Prima Facie evidence 2.Physical—any object or material that is relevant in a crime; also known as indirect evidence.

What is the value of physical evidence? 1. More reliable 2. Can prove that a crime has been committed 3. Can link a suspect with a victim or with a crime scene

Case Study 2.1 Format pg Title: Name of Case Being Studied 2. Who: victim, suspect, & their relationship any other key players (witnesses, lawyers, experts) 3. When/ Where: Year, geographic location (ex: San Diego, CA) Physical location/ time of day 4. Evidence: Forensic evidence/ witness testimony How did the suspect become a suspect? Did suspect have the means/ motive/ opportunity? 5. Outcome: Legal outcome 6. Reflections: Why do you think this case is famous?

A Case of Mistaken Identity: Tyrone Briggs Read the A Case of Mistaken Identity? The Psychology of Eyewitness Memory case study. Read the A Case of Mistaken Identity? The Psychology of Eyewitness Memory case study. As a group discuss whether or not you believe Tyrone Briggs might be a victim of false identification. As a group discuss whether or not you believe Tyrone Briggs might be a victim of false identification. Use the resources provided to defend your group's position. Write a paragraph or two outlining your position that cites the resources provided as well as the witnesses' statements as you make your case. Use the resources provided to defend your group's position. Write a paragraph or two outlining your position that cites the resources provided as well as the witnesses' statements as you make your case.

Aim: How does class evidence differ from individual evidence?

What is the purpose of evidence? ReconstructIdentifyIndividualize

Reconstruction  Of the crime scene  Of the event  How the victim was killed  Number of people involved

Identify Physical evidence is used to identify Victim Victim Suspect Suspect The crime The crime Physical evidence is identified by Physical properties Physical properties Chemical properties Chemical properties By comparing to a known standard By comparing to a known standard

Characteristics of Physical Evidence Characteristics of Evidence is broken up into two categories Characteristics of Evidence is broken up into two categories 1. Individual 2. Class

Individual Characteristics Evidence that can be pinpointed to a specific source Evidence that can be pinpointed to a specific source (Unique Evidence) Fingerprints, DNA, Bullet Markings Fingerprints, DNA, Bullet Markings

Class Characteristics Evidence that can only be associated with a group and NOT a single source Evidence that can only be associated with a group and NOT a single source Fibers, hairs, blood type Fibers, hairs, blood type Value- ability to support other investigative findings & events Value- ability to support other investigative findings & events Must be free of human error and bias Must be free of human error and bias

Significance of Class Evidence Unfortunately most evidence is class so for it to be valuable  find as much as possible Unfortunately most evidence is class so for it to be valuable  find as much as possible As the # of objects ↑, the probability of a person’s involvement ↑ As the # of objects ↑, the probability of a person’s involvement ↑ Evidence can also exclude or exonerate an individual Evidence can also exclude or exonerate an individual

Class vs Individual Evidence  The large piece of glass fits exactly to the bottle; it is individual evidence.  These fibers are class evidence; there is no way to determine if they came from this garment.

Summary