TAKS Prep Based on the map, which state/territory was the first to grant full woman suffrage? A. Arizona B. California C. Wyoming D. New York

TEKS Objective 4(A) explain why significant events and individuals, including such as the Spanish-American War, U.S. expansionism, Henry Cabot Lodge, Alfred Thayer Mahan, Theodore Roosevelt, Sanford B. Dole, and missionaries moved the United States into the position of a world power;

Imperialism and America

Imperialism The policy in which stronger nations extend their economic, political, or military control over weaker territories

Desire for Military Strength Alfred Thayer Mahan— The Influence of Sea Power upon History, He urged the government to build up American naval power to protect our business and shipping interests around the world What do you believe was the impact of Mahan’s ideas on US foreign policy?

Desire for Military Strength Two powerful US Senators, Henry Cabot Lodge and Albert J Beveridge, pushed for the construction of a new navy

Desire for Military Strength Benjamin F. Tracy— Harrison’s Secretary of the Navy wanted two fleets of battleships He worked tirelessly to modernize the American navy In 1893 he authorized the construction of the US Navy’s first submarine FAST FACT Tracy won the Congressional Medal of Honor during the American Civil War

Desire for Military Strength US built nine steel hulled cruisers and began construction of modern battleships such as the USS Maine and USS Oregon By 1890 the US was the world’s third largest naval power "A good Navy is not a provocation to war. It is the surest guaranty of peace." President Theodore Roosevelt, 2 December 1902

The GREAT WHITE FLEET In 1908 Roosevelt sought to demonstrate growing American military power and blue-water navy capability. To do this he sent 16 battleships and various escorts, nicknamed the Great White Fleet on a trip around the world. How do you think other nations viewed this naval tour?

Thirst for New Markets By the 1890’s the US produced more goods than we needed US needed overseas markets for our finished goods and we needed supplies of raw materials, especially those we could not obtain at home

Belief in Cultural Superiority The United States had a responsibility to spread Christianity and “civilization” to the world’s “inferior peoples” Historian John Fiske developed the idea of Anglo-Saxonism, that the English speaking nations had superior character, ideas, and systems of government, and were destined to dominate the planet

Belief in Cultural Superiority Josiah Strong was a popular American minister in the late 1800’s was one of the founders of the Social Gospel movement that sought to apply Protestant religious principles to solve the social ills as well as a supporter of Anglo- Saxonism

Motives for Imperialism Economic Make Money Control Trade New Markets Materials Ideological European beliefs Superiority Empire making Exploratory Explore the unknown Scientific research Adventure New cultures Religious Spread Christianity Spread values Educate others End slavery Political Gain power Compete Expand territory Pride

World Powers European nations had already divided Africa between them If colonization was not practical, they would often make the area a Protectorate the imperial power allowed the native government to remain in power and protected them from invasion or rebellion in exchange for giving up most of their power to the imperial power

Alaska William Seward US Secretary of State arranged for the US to buy Alaska from Russia for $7.2 million House of Representative reluctant to spend the money on Seward’s Folly For about two cents an acre the US acquired a land rich in timber, minerals, and oil

Midway Islands Also in 1867 the US took over the Midway Islands. The atoll became the first offshore islands annexed by the U.S. government The islands were unoccupied so no one took much notice

Samoa 1872 US negotiated a treaty for use of Pago Pago, a harbor on one of the islands Over the next several years, the US, Germany, and Great Britain vie for control of the islands the US and Germany divide the islands, with the US getting Pago Pago

Hawaii The Hawaiian Islands are an archipelago of eight major islands, several atolls, numerous smaller islets, about 1,860 miles (3,000 km) from the nearest continent, As early as the 1820’s US missionaries had begun building schools and churches in the islands. Over time many of their descendants had entered into the sugarcane business, exporting their crops to the US

Hawaii In 1875, the US agreed to import Hawaiian sugar duty free, sugar production increased nine times In 1887 the US pressured the Hawaiian government to allow it to build a naval base at Pearl Harbor In 1890 Congress passed the McKinley Tariff which placed a tax on Hawaiian sugar placing a serious strain on the island’s economy

Hawaii In 1891, in response to the Hawaiian Queen Liliuokalani’s call for “Hawaii for Hawaiians” and an end to the special privileges of the white planters, the business leaders overthrew the Hawaiian government Stanford Dole was chosen to lead the white dominated government 1897 US President Cleveland directed the Queen be restored and failing that, he refused to consider annexing the islands (incorporate the territory into the US) Why do you think President Cleveland refused to annex Hawaii?

Hawaii In 1898, new President William McKinley urged congress to annex the islands, making them a territory of the United States.

Cecil Rhodes helped to expand British domination through Eastern Africa. What comment do you think the cartoonist is making about the US in the picture on the right?