Manifest Destiny The belief that America should spread from coast to coast!

2 “Manifest Destiny” Belief that the US should expand its territory from coast to coast

American Progress by George A. Crofutt and John Gast 3 1.Who is the woman in white? 2.What two objects is she holding? 3.What are the pioneers doing? 4.What types of transportation can be seen? 5.What are the Native Americans and animals doing? 6.What direction are they traveling? 7.What is your opinion of manifest destiny as it is depicted in this painting?

Reasons for Manifest Destiny: Political  Fear of foreign powers invading  Spanish, French, English, and Mexican  Desire to spread Democracy and the “American” way of life  Desire to spread the institution of slavery

Reasons for Manifest Destiny: Economic  Belief that people could become more wealthy (Gold rush, natural resources)  Land speculators bought huge tracts of land and sold it for a profit

Reasons for Manifest Destiny: Social  Racism  Escape from religious persecution (Mormons)  Famine and economic struggles  Irish potato famine ( )  Belief that all people should own plot of land to keep the country free  “American Dream”

Pop Quiz: Missouri Compromise 1. Shade the two states involved 2. Draw and label the latitude line involved 3. Explain the terms of the compromise 4. Explain the main purpose of the compromise

OL Jump Start  Take 10 minutes to review the following court cases for your quiz:  Marbury v. Madison  Gibbons v. Ogden  McCulloch v. Maryland  Cherokee Nation v. Georgia  Worcester v. Georgia

Review: 1. The fifty-six delegates that took this pledge and signed The Declaration of Independence did so at great personal risk. This is an example of — legal responsibility civic virtue coercion civil rights 2. Yorktown is considered an important battle because: A. the Redcoats gained Boston B. it began the American Revolution C. France agreed to ally with the colonies as a result D. England surrendered and the Patriots won the war 3. All of the following were terms of the Treaty of Paris of 1783 EXCEPT: A. the colonies were free and independent states B. England removed all troops from forts C. the new boundary was from the Appalachians to the Atlantic D. captured slaves were returned New: Define Manifest Destiny in your own words.

11 US Territorial Expansion A When? From Where? Why? 1776 Great Britain US declared independence from Great Britain A - 13 Original Colonies

12 US Territorial Expansion A When? From Where? Why? 1783 Great Britain Results of Treaty of Paris (ended Revolutionary War) B B - Western Lands

13 US Territorial Expansion A When? From Where? Why? 1803 France Napoleon needed $ Jefferson wanted to buy New Orleans He got all of this instead! B C - Louisiana Purchase C

14 US Territorial Expansion A When? From Where? Why? 1819 Spain Andrew Jackson invaded Spain then sold it to us for $5 million B D - Florida C D

15 Thinking Question (don’t write this down!! Just think!) Why weren’t Americans happy with the size of their country at this point in their history?

16 Mr. Manifest Destiny  James K. Polk Elected President in th President We have skipped a few… Added more territory to the US (by any means) than any other President

Texas Independence  March 2, 1836: Texas declared Independence  Elected Sam Houston as PresidentSam Houston  Houston’s troops attacked Santa Anna at San Jacinto in April 1836  Under force, Santa Anna signs Treaty of VelascoSanta Anna signs Treaty of Velasco  Mexican government rejected the treaty and never recognized Texas Independence

U.S. Annexation of Texas  Texas immediately asks for annexation by U.S.  Annexation: to incorporate a territory into another  North opposes because they fear spread of slavery  Texas remains an independent nation until annexed on Dec. 29th, 1845  Mexico sees annexation as a declaration of war

Factors Leading to Mexican-American War  Mexican anger over annexation of Texas (1845)  Dispute over Texas/Mexican border  Nueces River or Rio Grande  Instability of Mexican government  19 governments in 25 years  Polk Administration’s drive to expand U.S.  Polk saw his mandate as creating a coast-to-coast nation  Southerners hoped to expand slavery into Texas

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo  Terms:  Recognized Texas as part of the U.S.  Gave up the Mexican Cession (1848)  Annexed half of Mexico to the U.S.  U.S. Paid $15 million to Mexico for territory.  Created Rio Grande as border  In 1853 Gadsden Purchase solidifies southern boundaryGadsden Purchase  Wanted to extend Trans- Continental Railroad  Mexico sells it to us for $10 million  “from sea to shining sea”

Jump Start: Review The outcome of the Battle of Saratoga is considered a turning point in the Revolutionary War because it resulted in: A. the reopening of the port of Boston B. Benedict Arnold committing treason C. France becoming an ally of the United States D. the Continental Congress fleeing Philadelphia After reading Common Sense by Thomas Paine, many undecided colonists understood that– A. It was important to end the war with King George III and Parliament B. It was necessary and reasonable to politically part with England C. It was the duty of the colonists, as English citizens, to pay their taxes D. It was necessary to develop an economy based on the principles of free enterprise

Jump Start: New  Why was Mexico angry at the United States for annexing Texas?  Explain the terms of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.

Oregon: 54° 40’ or Fight!  In his campaign, Polk talked about taking all of Oregon  54° 40’ or Fight! Was one of his slogans  Rather than fight, he settled for half  U.S. and Britain decide to divide Oregon in 1846  Extended the boundary already dividing the U.S. and Canada  Boundary remains today

California Gold Rush and the 49-ers!  James Marshall was building a sawmill when he spotted gold in the river  Word got out and people from all over the world raced to California in 1849  Mexico, South America, Europe, Australia, China- 20,000!  Nick-named the Forty-Niners  Thousands of men hoped to get rich quick then go home  The majority did not gain any wealth and could not afford to return home  By 1852, all of the gold was gone but California now had a population of over 250,000  Could now become the first state in the West

25 US Territorial Expansion A When? From Where? Why? 1845 Republic of Texas Texas independent from Mexico in 1836 Northerners feared it would become a slave state Annexed in 1845 despite Northern fears B E - Texas C E D

26 US Territorial Expansion A When? From Where? Why? 1846 Great Britain Claimed by four countries (Britain, Russia, Spain, & US) Americans demanded “54 ° 40’ or fight!” Britain compromised 49 ° & US accepted B F - Oregon Territory C E F D

27 US Territorial Expansion A When? From Where? Why? 1848 Mexico Polk offers to buy “G” from Mexico & they refuse War! US wins In Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, US offers $15 million for “G” B G - Mexican Cession C E F G D

28 US Territorial Expansion A When? From Where? Why? 1853 Mexico Wanted it to build a railroad Sold it to U.S. for $10 million Part of today’s Arizona and New Mexico Solidifies our southern border B F- Gadsden PurchaseGadsden Purchase D C E F G F

Postcard Perspectives- PAP  Create a postcard from two perspectives: Mexican Citizen, Texas Citizen  You are writing after the signing of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo  Your postcard must include: 1. Your opinion of the Mexican-American AND Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo 2. 3 main terms of the Treaty 3. Picture symbolizing your viewpoint (MUST be in color)

Jigsaw: Trails West  You will be researching 3 of the main trails used by settlers during Manifest Destiny  You will find your information:  Creating America pgs  Each person in your “home group” (based on group number) will be researching a different trail:  Pink: Santa Fe  Green: Oregon  Orange: Mormon  You will move from your “home group” to an “expert group” where all three of you will be researching the same trail (based on color)  Once your expert group has read and found the required information, each of you will return to your “home group” and teach the other 2-3 people about your trail