Slide 1 of 28 Organizing the Elements 6.1

© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 2 of Organizing the Elements In a self-service store, the products are grouped according to similar characteristics. With a logical classification system, finding and comparing products is easy. You will learn how elements are arranged in the periodic table and what that arrangement reveals about the elements.

© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Organizing the Elements > Slide 3 of 28 Searching For an Organizing Principle How did chemists begin to organize the known elements? 6.1

Slide 4 of 28 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Organizing the Elements > Searching For an Organizing Principle Chemists used the properties of elements to sort them into groups. 6.1

Slide 5 of 28 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Organizing the Elements > Searching For an Organizing Principle Chlorine, bromine, and iodine have very similar chemical properties. 6.1

© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Organizing the Elements > Slide 6 of 28 Mendeleev’s Periodic Table How did Mendeleev organize his periodic table? 6.1

Slide 7 of 28 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Organizing the Elements > Mendeleev’s Periodic Table Mendeleev arranged the elements in his periodic table in order of increasing atomic mass. The periodic table can be used to predict the properties of undiscovered elements. 6.1

Slide 8 of 28 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Organizing the Elements > Mendeleev’s Periodic Table An Early Version of Mendeleev’s Periodic Table 6.1

© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Organizing the Elements > Slide 9 of 28 The Periodic Law How is the modern periodic table organized? 6.1

Slide 10 of 28 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Organizing the Elements > The Periodic Law In the modern periodic table, elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number. 6.1

Slide 11 of 28 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Organizing the Elements > The Periodic Law The periodic law: When elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number, there is a periodic repetition of their physical and chemical properties. The properties of the elements within a period change as you move across a period from left to right. The pattern of properties within a period repeats as you move from one period to the next. 6.1

© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Organizing the Elements > Slide 12 of 28 Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids What are three broad classes of elements? 6.1

© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 13 of 28 Organizing the Elements > Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids Three classes of elements are metals, nonmetals, and metalloids. Across a period, the properties of elements become less metallic and more nonmetallic. 6.1

© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 14 of 28 Organizing the Elements > Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids Metals, Metalloids, and Nonmetals in the Periodic Table 6.1

© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 15 of 28 Organizing the Elements > Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids Metals, Metalloids, and Nonmetals in the Periodic Table 6.1

© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 16 of 28 Organizing the Elements > Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids Metals, Metalloids, and Nonmetals in the Periodic Table 6.1

© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 17 of 28 Organizing the Elements > Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids Metals, Metalloids, and Nonmetals in the Periodic Table 6.1

Slide 18 of 28 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Organizing the Elements > Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids Metals Metals are good conductors of heat and electric current. 80% of elements are metals. Metals have a high luster, are ductile, and are malleable. 6.1

Slide 19 of 28 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Organizing the Elements > Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids Nonmetals In general, nonmetals are poor conductors of heat and electric current. Most nonmetals are gases at room temperature. A few nonmetals are solids, such as sulfur and phosphorus. One nonmetal, bromine, is a dark-red liquid. 6.1

Slide 20 of 28 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Organizing the Elements > Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids Metalloids A metalloid generally has properties that are similar to those of metals and nonmetals. The behavior of a metalloid can be controlled by changing conditions. 6.1

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