30 Week Review

What are primary sources? First hand accounts of information. First hand accounts of information. Examples: journal or diary entries. Examples: journal or diary entries.

Why was “Lucy” an important discovery? Believed to be the remains of the earliest human- implies that humans first appeared in Africa. Believed to be the remains of the earliest human- implies that humans first appeared in Africa.

What are the elements or features of a civilization? Cities Cities Centralized Government Centralized Government Public works Public works System of writing System of writing Organized religion Organized religion Job specialization Job specialization Art & Architecture Art & Architecture Social Classes Social Classes

What was the Neolithic Revolution? Change from nomadic lifestyle to agricultural lifestyle. Change from nomadic lifestyle to agricultural lifestyle. PEOPLE LEARN TO GROW THEIR OWN FOOD! PEOPLE LEARN TO GROW THEIR OWN FOOD!

What is subsistence agriculture? Growing just enough food for your survival Growing just enough food for your survival Surplus Agriculture? Extra amounts of food, needed to start Extra amounts of food, needed to startcivilizations

Why did civilizations begin in river valleys? Fertile soil, transportation, water for irrigation and animals. Fertile soil, transportation, water for irrigation and animals.

What two rivers provided resources for the people of Mesopotamia? Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. Tigris and Euphrates Rivers.

What was Hammurabi’s Code and how did it create a more orderly society? Written rules for legal procedures. Written rules for legal procedures. Harsh punishments to promote law and order. Harsh punishments to promote law and order.

How did seasonal monsoons affect India? Helped with agriculture. Helped with agriculture. Hurt if caused flooding. Hurt if caused flooding.

What was the caste system in India? Social class system Social class system Keeps everyone in place Keeps everyone in place Can’t change your place in this life Can’t change your place in this life

What are the major beliefs of Hinduism? Many Gods Many Gods Caste System Caste System Karma, Dharma, Moksha Karma, Dharma, Moksha Reincarnation Reincarnation The Vedas (holy texts) The Vedas (holy texts)

What is a golden age? Time of great cultural achievement Time of great cultural achievement Peace and Prosperity Peace and Prosperity

Why did the Chinese develop an ethnocentric attitude? They were isolated from other civilizations because of the geographical features: They were isolated from other civilizations because of the geographical features: - mountains - jungles - ocean - desert

Who was Confucius and what were his ideas? Philosopher who believed that harmony would result if people accepted their place in society. Philosopher who believed that harmony would result if people accepted their place in society. 5 Relationships- father/son, elder brother/younger brother, husband/wife, ruler/subject, friend/friend. 5 Relationships- father/son, elder brother/younger brother, husband/wife, ruler/subject, friend/friend.

What was the Silk Road? Trade route between China and Middle East Trade route between China and Middle East Promoted trade with other countries Promoted trade with other countries Cultural Diffusion Cultural Diffusion

What geographic features isolated the city-states of ancient Greece? Mountains/islands isolated Mountains/islands isolated Harbors and seas promote trade Harbors and seas promote trade

What were the contributions of ancient Greece? Democracy Democracy Use of architecture- columns Use of architecture- columns

What were the Twelve Tables of Rome? System of laws that were written down. System of laws that were written down. Protected the rights of the accused. Protected the rights of the accused.

What were the greatest contributions of ancient Rome? Legal System Legal System Government Government

What were the major accomplishments of Maya, Aztec, Inca? Adapted to the surrounding environment Adapted to the surrounding environment System of roads and communication System of roads and communication Scientific knowledge Scientific knowledge Calendars Calendars

NOW THE NEW STUFF…

What kind of economic system did Europe practice during the Middle Ages? Feudalism Feudalism Manor Economy: self-sufficient Manor Economy: self-sufficient

Why did nobles build castles in the early Middle Ages? People needed protection- no law & order People needed protection- no law & order

What was the manor economy? Self- sufficient- everything you need is there Sometimes called MANORIALISM

What were the new technologies that led to an agricultural revolution? 3 Field System Windmill Iron Plow Harness

What was the Magna Carta? Document signed by King John, England Limits the power of the monarchy

The Byzantine Empire followed Justinian’s Code- what was that? Legal System- creates order for society Legal System- creates order for society Laws are written down, fair Laws are written down, fair

What religion did the Byzantines practice and pass on to the early Russians? How is it diff. from Roman Catholic? Orthodox Christianity Orthodox Christianity Easter is the main holy day Easter is the main holy day Priests allowed to marry Priests allowed to marry No icons No icons

What beliefs do Judaism, Islam, and Christianity all share? SAME GOD SAME GOD Monotheistic Monotheistic Single Holy Text Single Holy Text

How was Islam spread to different parts of Europe, Africa, and Asia? Trade Cultural diffusion

What were the main products traded between West and East Africa? GOLD and SALT GOLD and SALT

How did the trans-Sahara trade route lead to the development of great civilizations? Great cities like Mali became centers of trade- cultural diffusion. Great cities like Mali became centers of trade- cultural diffusion.

How does the Sahara Desert influence the cultures of Africa? People had to adapt to their environment, move to find food and survive. People had to adapt to their environment, move to find food and survive. Developed very differently from each other. Developed very differently from each other.

Why is Africa known as the cradle of civilization? Early humans first appeared in Africa. Early humans first appeared in Africa. Remember LUCY? Remember LUCY?

Who was Mansa Musa? Where was he from? Ruler of Mali Ruler of Mali Went on the Hajj to Mecca- took him 1 year! Went on the Hajj to Mecca- took him 1 year!

How were the Mongols able to conquer and rule such a vast empire? Military Skill- excellent army, loyal soldiers, great horsemen. Military Skill- excellent army, loyal soldiers, great horsemen. Allowed conquered people some freedom. Allowed conquered people some freedom.

Describe the importance of Mongol rule and the diversity of the people under their rule. Cultural diffusion- Mongols ruled parts of China, Russia, E. Europe and India. Cultural diffusion- Mongols ruled parts of China, Russia, E. Europe and India. Trade encouraged new ideas Trade encouraged new ideas

What are the positive aspects experienced by Europe and Japan through feudalism? Social stability Social stability Everyone had a place in society Everyone had a place in society Protection Protection

What did the Tokugawa Shogunate do for Japan? Isolation from outside world Isolation from outside world Centralized government by ending feudalism Centralized government by ending feudalism

How was Japan influenced by Korea? “Cultural Land bridge”- cultural diffusion of Chinese culture “Cultural Land bridge”- cultural diffusion of Chinese culture

When it comes to societal structure, was China, Japan and Russia flexible or rigid? Explain. RIGID RIGID China- Confucianism, 5 Relationships! China- Confucianism, 5 Relationships! Japan- feudalism Japan- feudalism Russia- Princes, Boyars Russia- Princes, Boyars

Bushido is to Japanese samurai as chivalry is to Medieval Knight.

How does trade influence many of these civilizations that we have learned about during this unit? Is it positive, negative, both? BOTH BOTH Positive- cultural diffusion Positive- cultural diffusion Negative- invasion, disease (ie: plague) Negative- invasion, disease (ie: plague)

What is a golden age? What civilizations in this unit experienced one? Time of peace and prosperity- many advances made Time of peace and prosperity- many advances made Tang, Gupta, Mali, Islam Tang, Gupta, Mali, Islam

What beliefs do Judaism, Islam, and Christianity all share? SAME GOD SAME GOD Monotheistic Monotheistic Single Holy Text Single Holy Text