2/8/16 Do Now: -Take out your Steve Job’s speech -Sit with a partner Homework: -Prepare for rhetoric summative tomorrow and Wednesday Learning Goal: How does annotating (close-reading) help you plan and structure your written response? How will you structure your response?

Look Ahead: Today: Review Text-Analysis/Annotations Tuesday: Rhetoric Summative – Reading and Annotating Wednesday: Rhetoric Summative – Writing Annotations – 20% Writing – 80% Thursday-Friday: TEDTalks

CLAIM: The author uses__________ to support the central message that_______________. LAYER 1 Ethos, Pathos, Logos LAYER 2 Diction, Syntax, Tone, Irony LAYER 3 Denotation, Connotation, Allusion, Imagery, Parallelism, Enumeration, Paradox, Rhetorical Questions, Anaphora Choose ONE for Claim - Support with 1-2 rhetorical strategies from Layer 2 or Layer 3 in body paragraphs - OR - Choose ONE for Claim - Support with 1-2 rhetorical strategies from Layer 2 or Layer 3 in body paragraphs Supporting Rhetorical Devices Usually, you should NOT include these in your claim! TONE Diction – Syntax – Connotation - Denotation DICTION Connotation - Denotation Parallelism – Enumeration – Anaphora – Rhetorical Questions CLAIM SYNTAX Body Paragraphs BODY PARAGRAPH POWER COMBOS!

DURING READING o Read EVERYTHING and mark the text. o Read AGAIN and add to the notes that you have already made. Mark in the text: o STAR (*) the claim o UNDERLINE any rhetorical devices and/or literary elements. o Put (PARENTHESESE) around signal/cue words (words that help you identify the text structure — cause and effect, compare-contrast, chronological, etc.) o ANSWER questions you created from subheadings o Circle unknown vocabulary Write in the margins: o Summarize o Make predictions o Formulate opinions (agree or disagree with the author) o Make connections (draw arrows and explain the connection) o Ask questions (Clarify/Connect/Conclude/Evaluate) o Analyze literary elements (symbol, metaphor, tone, diction, etc.) o Analyze rhetorical devices (logos, ethos, pathos etc.)  Consider how these devices/elements develop the central idea of the text. o Write reflections/reactions/comments Annotating Non-Fiction:

What is Jobs’ claim for chunk #1: What is Jobs’ claim for chunk #2: What is Jobs’ claim for chunk #3: What is Steve Jobs’ claim for the speech as a whole? What rhetorical appeal and devices does Job’s most effectively use? Focusing Your Thinking:

What annotation strategies did you use while conducting your close reading of this piece? Self-evaluate your annotations for this piece using the annotations rubric. Circle where you stand: How have your annotations improved? What can you do to continue to improve at annotating? Annotations:

Intro: Can you offer some background information on the subject or speaker? The author uses ____________________________and ____________________________ to support the central idea that ____________________________________________. Body Paragraph One and TWO: Topic Sentence: Textual Evidence: How does the evidence support the central idea? Conclusion: Restate your claim: Can you offer some closing remarks on the subject or speaker? Planning/Structuring Your Response:

Name: Learning Goal:Answer to the learning goal:Self-Evaluate: How does annotating (close- reading) help you plan and structure your written response? How will you structure your response? How comfortable are you with this learning goal? (1= not very – 5=very comfortable) Exit Ticket:

Steve Jobs’ Commencement Speech Steve Jobs delivering his commencement speech to the graduates of Stanford University in 2005.

A rhetorical device uses words in a certain way to convey meaning or to persuade. It can also be a technique to evoke interest and emotion on the part of the reader or audience. rhetorical Rhetorical Appeals: the three main avenues by which people are persuaded: Logos: Strategy of reason, logic, or facts. Any type of argument which appeals to someone’s rational side is appealing to logos. Ethos: Strategy of credibility, authority, or character. Appeals to ethos demonstrate the author’s trustworthiness, expertise and honesty and attempt to put the author in a more positive light to the audience. Pathos: Strategy of emotions and affect (the way the piece makes us feel). Pathos appeals to an audience’s sense of anger, sorrow, pity, or excitement. Examples of other rhetorical devices:  Allusion - a reference to an event, literary work or person - I can’t do that because I am not Superman.  Amplification - repeats a word or expression for emphasis - Love, real love, takes time.  Analogy - compares two different things that have some similar characteristics - He is flaky as a snowstorm.  Anaphora - repeats a word or phrase in successive phrases - "If you prick us, do we not bleed? If you tickle us, do we not laugh?” (Merchant of Venice, Shakespeare)  Assonance -the repetition of identical or similar vowel sounds (not always at the beginning of words) Apples are awesome, Go and mow the lawn.  Cause/Effect: setting up an argument in which the narrator provides a cause (a reason why something happens) and then the subsequent effect(s) (what happens as a result).  Comparison & contrast-mode of discourse where two or more things are compared, contrasted, or both  Connotation-the underlying, implied meaning of a word or phrase  Counter-argument/rebuttal/refutation- an argument technique where opposing arguments are anticipated and negated  Denotation -the dictionary definition of a word  Diction -word choice an author uses to persuade or convey tone, purpose, or effect  Deductive reasoning -movement from the general to the specific  Either/or - a choice or division limited between two options- We found ourselves in an either-or situation.  Enumeration - makes a point with details - Renovation included a spa, tennis court, pool and lounge.  Inductive reasoning -movement from the specific to the general  Inference- a conclusion or proposition arrived at by considering facts, observations, or data  Juxtaposition-location of one thing adjacent to another to create an effect or reveal an attitude  Knowledge of audience: structuring an argument in ways that appeal to a particular specific audience  Paradox -statement that seems contradictory but may probably be true  Parallel structure/Parallelism - uses words or phrases with a similar structure - I went to the store, parked the car, and bought a pizza.  Periodic sentence-a long sentence in which the main clause is not completed until the end-In spite of heavy snow and cold temperatures, the game continued.  Point of view- the angle of considering things, which shows the opinion or feelings of the individual  Rhetorical question-a question that is asked simply for the sake of stylistic effect  Syntax -the way words are put together to form phrases, clauses, and sentences  Understatement - makes an idea less important that it really is - The hurricane disrupted traffic. Figurative Language: levels of meaning are also expressed through figures of speech  Alliteration - the repetition of initial consonant sounds - baby buggy bumpers  Hyperbole - an exaggeration - I have done this a thousand times.  Metaphor - compares two things by stating one is the other - The eyes are the windows of the soul.  Onomatopoeia - words that imitate the sound they describe - plunk, whiz, pop  Oxymoron - a two word paradox; combining two apparently contradictory elements - near miss, seriously funny  Personification- treating an abstraction or nonhuman object as if it were a person- The leaves danced in the wind.  Pun- sharply contrasting meanings using words with the same sound- Which witch is which?  Simile - a direct, explicit comparison of one thing to another using like, as, or than- He smokes like a chimney; He is as faster than a cheetah Rhetorical Devices:

Essential Question: How can rhetorical strategies help a writer, or speaker, construct and enhance an argument?